Structure of a neuron[motor,sensory].?

Question

I am not finding appropriate answers can u help me?

Answer 1

I'm presuming you are asking about neurons radiating to the periphery rather than central neurons.

All neurons have a common basic structure. Firstly neurons are eukaryotic cell, so the basic structure is the same as all eukaryotic cells: nucleus containing chromosomes and DNA, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, mitochondria all delimited by a cell membrane.

Like all neurons they have a central cell body, known as the soma. This is surrounded usually by multiple processes for receiving signals from other neurons, known as dendrites. There is also a single much longer process known as an axon which contacts other cells and synapses with them.

Specifically now - (lower) motor neurons have their cell bodies in the anterior horn of the spinal cord grey matter. They project a single long axon that goes directly through the ventral root of the spinal cord to the muscle that it innervates, where it becomes part of the neuromuscular junction.

Sensory neurons are bipolar. Their cell bodies are in the dorsal root ganglion outside the spinal cord. As with all neurons they have a single axon but it branches into two just after it leaves the ganglion - part of it reaches out to the periphery to sensory receptors for touch, pain etc, and the other portion enters the spinal cord through the dorsal root.

If you want to know about more central neurons it's a lot more complicated of course, but the basic structure is the same.