What is the structure of a Ribosome? What is its function? Is it in the animal cell, plant, cell or both???

Question

I need the information as fast as I can...
Oh,,, I would like to have some "FUN Facts" too, about Ribosomes... If you can help me... Thank You!

Answer 1

Ribosomes assemble proteins. They consist of 2 subunits which fit together. They are found in both plant and animal cells.

Answer 2

A ribosome is an organelle in cells that assembles proteins. Ribosomes are composed of ribosomal RNA and ribosomal proteins (known as a Ribonucleoprotein or RNP). It translates Messenger RNA (mRNA) into a polypeptide chain (e.g., a protein). It can be thought of as a factory that builds a protein from a set of genetic instructions. Ribosomes can float freely in the cytoplasm (the internal fluid of the cell) or bind to the endoplasmic reticulum, or to the nuclear envelope. Since ribosomes are ribozymes, it is thought that they might be remnants of the RNA world.

Ribosomes were first observed in the mid-1950s by cell biologist George Palade in the electron microscope as dense particles or granules[1] for which he would win the Nobel Prize. The term ribosome was proposed by scientist Richard B. Roberts in 1958.

Structure and function
The ribosomal subunits of prokaryotes and eukaryotes are quite similar. However, prokaryotes have 70S ribosomes, each consisting of a (small) 30S and a (large) 50S subunit, whereas eukaryotes have 80S ribosomes, each consisting of a (small) 40S and a bound (large) 60S subunit. However, the ribosomes found in chloroplasts and mitochondria of eukaryotes are 55S. The unit "S" means Svedberg units, a measure of the rate of sedimentation of a particle in a centrifuge, where the sedimentation rate is associated with the size of the particle. It is important to note that Svedberg units are not addable - two subunits together can have Svedberg values that do not add up to that of the entire ribosome. This is resulting from the loss of surface area when the two subunits are bound. In addition, the ungainly shape of the fully assembled ribosome has different aqua dynamic properties from the two unbound subunits. The differences between the prokaryotic and eukaryotic ribosomes are exploited by humans since the 70S ribosomes are vulnerable to some antibiotics that the 80S ribosomes are not. This helps create drugs that can destroy a bacterial infection without harming the animal/human host's cells. Even though human mitochondria possess 55S ribosomes with rRNA compounds similar to bacterial ribosomes, mitochondria are rarely affected by these antibiotics because mitochondria are covered by a double membrane that does not easily admit these antibiotics into the organelle.

Ribosomes are the workhorses of protein synthesis, the process of translating messenger RNA (mRNA) into protein. The mRNA comprises a series of codons that dictate to the ribosome the amino acids needed to make the protein. Using the mRNA as a template, the ribosome traverses each codon of the mRNA, pairing it with the appropriate amino acid. This is done using molecules of transfer RNA (tRNA) containing a complementary anticodon on one end and the appropriate amino acid on the other.

Protein synthesis begins at a start codon near the 5' end of the mRNA. The small ribosomal subunit, typically bound to a tRNA containing the amino acid methionine, binds to an AUG codon on the mRNA and recruits the large ribosomal subunit. The large ribosomal subunit contains three tRNA binding sites, designated A, P, and E. The A site binds an aminoacyl-tRNA (a tRNA bound to an amino acid); the P site binds a peptidyl-tRNA (a tRNA bound to the peptide being synthesized); and the E site binds a free tRNA before it exits the ribosome.

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Answer 3

ribosome function-polypeptide synthesis
found in all prokaryotes and eukaryotes