* Consider a multivitamin. If your eating habits are irregular, a daily multivitamin usually provides adequate intake of selenium, zinc and folic acid, trace nutrients that are important for optimal sperm production and function. Sperm are particularly susceptible to oxidants, unstable oxygen molecules that damage cell membranes. A multivitamin also usually contains antioxidant vitamins such as C and E, which may help protect sperm from this damage.
* Reduce stress. Excessive or prolonged stress may interfere with certain hormones needed to produce sperm. A long-term fertility problem may be a stressor in itself, directly or indirectly contributing to infertility by interfering with hormones or impairing sexual function.
* Exercise regularly. Physical activity is good for your general and reproductive health. Contrary to what you may have heard, even strenuous exercise such as marathon running probably won't adversely affect your fertility. Just don't overtrain.
* Watch your weight. Too much or too little body fat may disrupt production of reproductive hormones, which can reduce your sperm count and increase your percentage of abnormal sperm. You're most likely to produce lots of high-quality sperm if you achieve and maintain a normal body mass index (BMI) between 20 and 25.
* Watch out for toxins. Many workplace and household chemicals and substances may reduce sperm quantity and quality. These include hydrocarbons such as ethylbenzene, benzene, toluene and xylene, found in such products as asphalt, crude oil and roofing tar; heavy metals such as lead, cadmium and mercury, used in some batteries, pigments and plastics; and aromatic solvents used in paint, varnish, stain, glue and metal degreasers. Some pesticides and herbicides have estrogen-like effects that disrupt sperm production. Protective clothing, proper ventilation and face masks can reduce the risk of absorbing such toxins through your skin, mucous membranes and lungs.
* Avoid tobacco and limit alcohol. Smoking may increase the risk of infertility and erectile dysfunction in men. The sperm of men who smoke one to two packs of cigarettes a day may be misshapen and may move more slowly than those of nonsmokers. Smokeless tobacco also adversely affects sperm quantity and quality. Similarly, heavy drinking may lower testosterone levels and reduce the quality and quantity of sperm. Limit alcohol to no more than one or two drinks a day. The combination of tobacco and alcohol is particularly harmful to sperm. Men who drink and smoke have significantly lower sperm counts and motility than do men with either habit alone.
* Shun recreational drugs. Marijuana can decrease sperm density and motility and increase the number of abnormal sperm. Cocaine and opiates can contribute to erectile dysfunction, and amphetamines can decrease sex drive.
* Skip the sauna. To maximize the quality and quantity of your sperm, avoid saunas, steam rooms, hot tubs and whirlpools. Spending more than 30 minutes at a time in water heated to 102 degrees Fahrenheit (40 degrees Celsius) or more may lower your sperm count.
* Head for the shower. Long, hot baths reduce the number and vitality of sperm just as much as hot tubs and saunas do. Take showers instead.
* Get off your duff. Prolonged sitting at work, at home or in your car may raise scrotal temperature and impair sperm production. If you have a sedentary job, take frequent breaks at work and choose leisure-time activities that get you out of the driver's seat and off the couch.
* Avoid hormone havoc. Think testosterone supplements will work in your favor? No way. Excess testosterone actually decreases fertility. Anabolic steroids, usually taken illegally to increase muscle strength and growth, can shrink the testicles and drastically reduce fertility. Anti-androgens used to treat prostate enlargement and cancer also interfere with sperm production.
* Review your medications. Many prescription medications may temporarily reduce your fertility. If you take medication to control a chronic condition such as high blood pressure, inflammatory bowel disease or gout, or to suppress your immune reaction to a transplanted organ, ask your doctor how your treatment may affect sperm development. Also, avoid cimetidine (Tagamet, others), a stomach-acid-suppressing drug available without a prescription. Instead, use ranitidine (Zantac, others), famotidine (Pepcid, others) or nizatidine (Axid), which decrease stomach acid without affecting fertility. If any other medication you're taking may decrease your fertility, ask your doctor whether a substitute drug is available. A few medications, including several common chemotherapy agents, may cause permanent infertility. If you'll be undergoing chemotherapy, talk with your doctor about saving and freezing your sperm (semen cryopreservation).
2006-10-10 17:09:28
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answer #1
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