hi, can anyone help with describing the structure of a single neuron?

Answer 1

You obviously know this, but firstly you need to describe the basics. A neuron is a eukaryotic cell, so the basic structure is the same as all eukaryotic cells: nucleus containing chromosomes and DNA, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, mitochondria all delimited by a cell membrane.

The specific features that relate to neurons are the polarity. There is a central cell body, known as the soma. This is surrounded usually by multiple processes for receiving signals from other neurons, known as dendrites. There is also a single much longer process known as an axon which contacts other cells and synapses with them. The axon passes a potential known as the action potential which is initiated upon the soma reaching a certain threshold electric potential which is determined by the nature of the neuron and the inputs to the neurons soma and dendrites from other neurons.