What was Prussia?Why the Prussian War took place?

Answer 1

The name Prussia derives from the Old Prussians, a Baltic people related to the Lithuanians; Prussia was later conquered by the Teutonic Knights and thereafter slowly Germanized.

Prussia attained its greatest importance in the 18th and 19th centuries. During the 18th century, Prussia ascended to the position of third European great power under the reign of Frederick II of Prussia (1740–1786). During the 19th century, Chancellor Otto von Bismarck pursued a policy of uniting the German principalities into a "Lesser Germany" which would exclude the Austrian Empire.


There is two Prussian wars in history
1.The Franco-Prussian
2.The Austro–Prussian
The Franco-Prussian War (July 19, 1870 – May 10, 1871) was declared by France on Prussia, which was backed by the North German Confederation and the south German states of Baden, Württemberg and Bavaria. The conflict marked the culmination of tension between the two powers following Prussia's rise to dominance in Germany, which before 1866 was still a loose federation of quasi-independent territories.
The war began over the possible ascension of a candidate from the Catholic branch of the Hohenzollern royal family to the vacant Spanish throne as Isabella II had abdicated in 1868. This was strongly opposed by France who issued an ultimatum to King Wilhelm I of Prussia to have the candidacy withdrawn

The Austro–Prussian War (also called the Seven Weeks' War, the Unification War[1] or the German Civil War) was a war fought between the Austrian Empire and its German allies and Prussia with its German and Italian allies in 1866 that resulted in Prussian dominance in Germany. In Germany and Austria it is called Deutscher Krieg (German war) or Bruderkrieg (war of brothers). In the Italian unification process, this is the Third Independence War.

Answer 2

Prussia was, most recently, a historic state originating in Brandenburg, an area which for centuries had substantial influence on German and European history

In 1862 King William I appointed Otto von Bismarck as Prime Minister of Prussia. Bismarck was determined to defeat both the Liberals and the Conservatives by creating a strong united Germany but under the domination of the Prussian ruling class and bureaucracy, not the western German Liberals. As he realized that the Prussian crown could only win the support of the people if she herself took the lead in the fight for the German unification, Bismarck guided Prussia through three wars which together brought William the position of German Emperor.

Answer 3

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Answer 4

international conflict 3 will take place. Arab/Muslim countries of the middle East and northern Africa will unite under the management of Iraq and Iran. they'll threaten and attack the USA. they'll explode a nuclear Bomb in long island city. "you will cause them to like an oven of hearth, contained throughout your presence. The Lord will stir them up together with his wrath, and hearth will eat them." ( Psalm 20:10) next they'll threaten and attack Europe. The Arab countries would be unstoppable. they'll at last triumph over all of Europe. this could be a conflict against countries and additionally a conflict against the Christian faith. they'll burn church homes and limit public Christian worship interior the occupied international places. Russia, China, the u . s . a . and different international places won't get in contact. the USA won't retaliate for worry of an all out nuclear conflict. they'll replace into in contact while international conflict 4 starts off.

Answer 5

Everything you need to know, right here!

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prussia

Answer 6

Prussia was, most recently, a historic state originating in Brandenburg, an area which for centuries had substantial influence on German and European history. The last capital of Prussia was Berlin. The name Prussia derives from the Old Prussians, a Baltic people related to the Lithuanians; Prussia was later conquered by the Teutonic Knights and thereafter slowly Germanized.

Prussia attained its greatest importance in the 18th and 19th centuries. During the 18th century, Prussia ascended to the position of third European great power under the reign of Frederick II of Prussia (1740–1786). During the 19th century, Chancellor Otto von Bismarck pursued a policy of uniting the German principalities into a "Lesser Germany" which would exclude the Austrian Empire.

The Kingdom of Prussia dominated northern Germany politically, economically, and in terms of population, and was the core of the unified North German Confederation formed in 1867, which became part of the German Empire or Deutsches Reich in 1871.

With the end of the Hohenzollern monarchy in Germany following World War I, Prussia became part of the Weimar Republic in 1919. Prussia as a state was abolished de facto by the Nazis in 1934 and de jure by the Allied Powers in 1945.



The Franco-Prussian War (July 19, 1870 – May 10, 1871) was declared by France on Prussia, which was backed by the North German Confederation and the south German states of Baden, Württemberg and Bavaria. The conflict marked the culmination of tension between the two powers following Prussia's rise to dominance in Germany, which before 1866 was still a loose federation of quasi-independent territories.

The war began over the possible ascension of a candidate from the Catholic branch of the Hohenzollern royal family to the vacant Spanish throne as Isabella II had abdicated in 1868. This was strongly opposed by France who issued an ultimatum to King Wilhelm I of Prussia to have the candidacy withdrawn, which was done. Aiming to humiliate Prussia, Emperor Napoleon III of France then required Wilhelm to apologize and renounce any possible further Hohenzollern candidature to the Spanish throne. King Wilhelm, surprised at his holiday resort by the French ambassador, declined as he was not informed yet. Prussia's Chancellor, Otto von Bismarck, edited the King's account of his meeting with the French ambassador to make the encounter more heated than it really was. Known as the Ems Dispatch, it was released to the press. It was designed to give the French the impression that King Wilhelm I had insulted the French Count Benedetti, and to give the German people the impression that the Count insulting the King. It succeeded on both accounts.

The French people and their parliament reacted with outrage, Napoleon III mobilized and declared war, on Prussia only, but effectively also on the states of southern Germany. The German armies quickly mobilized and within a few weeks controlled large amounts of land in Eastern France. Their success was due in part to rapid mobilization by train, to Prussian General staff leadership and to modern Krupp artillery made of steel. Napoleon III was captured with his whole army at the Battle of Sedan, yet this did not end the war, as a republic was declared in Paris on September 4, 1870, marking the creation of the Third Republic of France under the Government of National Defense and later the "Versaillais government" of Adolphe Thiers. The immediate result was an extension to the war as the Republic proclaimed a continuation of the fight.

Over a five-month campaign, the German armies defeated the newly recruited French armies in a series of battles fought across northern France. Following a prolonged siege, the French capital Paris fell on January 28, 1871. Ten days earlier, the German states had proclaimed their union under the Prussian King, uniting Germany as a nation-state, the German Empire. The final peace Treaty of Frankfurt was signed May 10, 1871, during the time of the bloody Paris Commune of 1871.

In France and Germany the war is known as the Franco-German War (French: Guerre franco-allemande de 1870 German: Deutsch-Französischer Krieg), which perhaps more accurately describes the combatants rather than simply France and Prussia alone.



The Austro–Prussian War (also called the Seven Weeks' War, the Unification War or the German Civil War) was a war fought between the Austrian Empire and its German allies and Prussia with its German and Italian allies in 1866 that resulted in Prussian dominance in Germany. In Germany and Austria it is called Deutscher Krieg (German war) or Bruderkrieg (war of brothers). In the Italian unification process, this is the Third Independence War

For centuries, the Holy Roman Emperors who mostly came from the Hapsburg family had nominally ruled all of Germany, but the powerful nobles maintained de facto independence with the assistance of outside powers, particularly France. Prussia had become the most powerful of these states, and by the nineteenth century was considered one of the great powers of Europe. After the Napoleonic Wars had ended in 1815 the German states were reorganised in a loose confederation, the German Confederation under Austrian leadership. French influence in Germany was weak and nationalist ideals spread across Europe. Many observers saw that conditions were developing for the unification of Germany, and two different ideas of unification developed. One was a Grossdeutschland that would include the multi-national empire of Austria, and the other (preferred by Prussia) was a Kleindeutschland that would exclude Austria and be dominated by Prussia.
Prussian statesman Otto von Bismarck became prime minister of Prussia in 1862, and immediately began a policy focused on uniting Germany as a Kleindeutschland under Prussian rule. Having raised German national consciousness by convincing Austria to join him in the Second War of Schleswig, he then provoked a conflict over the administration of the conquered provinces of Schleswig-Holstein (as formulated by the Gastein Convention). Prussian troops occupied parts of the Duchy of Holstein, which was administrated by the Habsburg Empire (9 June 1866). Austria did not immediately defend this territory, but Prussia had already decided to attack the opponent with secure Italian help. At the federal diet in Frankfurt, the Austrian presidency called for the armies of the minor German states to join them. Formally the war was an action of the confederation against Prussia to restore its obedience to the confederation

Answer 7

Prussia (German: Preußen (help·info); Latin: Borussia, Prutenia; Lithuanian: Prūsija; Polish: Prusy; Old Prussian: Prūsa) was, most recently, a historic state originating in Brandenburg, an area which for centuries had substantial influence on German and European history. The last capital of Prussia was Berlin.

The name Prussia derives from the Old Prussians, a Baltic people related to the Lithuanians; Prussia was later conquered by the Teutonic Knights and thereafter slowly Germanized.

Prussia attained its greatest importance in the 18th and 19th centuries. During the 18th century, Prussia ascended to the position of third European great power under the reign of Frederick II of Prussia (1740–1786). During the 19th century, Chancellor Otto von Bismarck pursued a policy of uniting the German principalities into a "Lesser Germany" which would exclude the Austrian Empire.

The Kingdom of Prussia dominated northern Germany politically, economically, and in terms of population, and was the core of the unified North German Confederation formed in 1867, which became part of the German Empire or Deutsches Reich in 1871.

With the end of the Hohenzollern monarchy in Germany following World War I, Prussia became part of the Weimar Republic in 1919. Prussia as a state was abolished de facto by the Nazis in 1934 and de jure by the Allied Powers in 1945.

Since then, the term's relevance has been limited to historical, geographical, or cultural usages. Even today, a certain kind of ethic is called "Prussian virtues", for instance: perfect organization, sacrifice, rule of law, obedience to authority and militarism, but also reliability, thriftiness, modesty, and diligence. Many Prussians believed that these virtues were part of the reasons for the rise of their country

During the reign of King Frederick William II (1786-1797), Prussia annexed additional Polish territory through further Partitions of Poland. Prussia took a leading part in the French Revolutionary Wars, but remained quiet for more than a decade as a result of the Peace of Basel of 1795, only to go once more to war with France in 1806 as negotiations with that country over the allocation of the spheres of influence in Germany failed. In the Battle of Jena-Auerstedt, Prussia suffered a devastating defeat against Napoleon Bonaparte's troops and King Frederick William III (1797-1840) and his family were forced to flee temporarily to Memel. In 1807 by the Treaties of Tilsit, the state lost about half of its area, in particular the areas gained from the second and third Partitions of Poland, which now fell to the Duchy of Warsaw. Beyond that, the king was obliged to make an alliance with France and join the Continental System.

In response to this defeat, reformers such as Stein and Hardenberg set about modernizing the Prussian state, including the liberation of peasants from serfdom, the emancipation of Jews and making full citizens of them, and the institution of self-administration in municipalities. The school system was rearranged and in 1810 free trade was introduced. The process of army reform ended in 1813 with the introduction of compulsory military service.

After the defeat of Napoleon in Russia, Prussia quit the alliance and took part in the Sixth Coalition during the "Wars of Liberation" (Befreiungskriege) against the French occupation. Prussian troops under Marshal Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher contributed crucially in the Battle of Waterloo of 1815 to the final victory over Napoleon. Prussia's reward in 1815 at the Congress of Vienna was the recovery of her lost territories, as well as the whole of the Rhineland, Westphalia, and some other territories. These western lands were to be of vital importance because they included the Ruhr Area, the centre of Germany's fledgling industrialisation, especially in the arms industry. These territorial gains also meant the doubling of Prussia's population. In exchange, Prussia withdrew from areas of central Poland to allow the creation of Congress Poland under Russian sovereignty. Prussia emerged from the Napoleonic Wars as the dominant power in Germany, overshadowing her long-time rival Austria, which had given up the imperial crown in 1806.

The first half of the 19th century saw a prolonged struggle in Germany between the forces of Liberalism, which wanted a united, federal Germany under a democratic constitution, and the forces of Conservatism, which wanted to maintain Germany as a patchwork collection of independent, weak monarchical states, with Prussia and Austria competing for influence. Prussia benefited greatly from the creation in 1834 of the German Customs Union (Zollverein) which excluded Austria.

In 1848 the Liberals got their chance when revolutions broke out across Europe. An alarmed King Frederick William IV agreed to convene a National Assembly and grant a constitution. When the Frankfurt Parliament offered Frederick William the crown of a united Germany, he refused on the grounds that revolutionary assemblies could not grant royal titles.

The Frankfurt Parliament was forced to dissolve in 1849, and Frederick William issued Prussia's first constitution by his own authority in 1850. This conservative document provided for a two-house parliament. The lower house, or Landtag was elected by all taxpayers, who were divided into three classes according to the amount of taxes paid. This allowed just over one-third of the voters to choose 85% of the legislature, all but assuring dominance by the more well-to-do elements of the population. The upper house, which was later renamed the Herrenhaus ("House of Lords"), was appointed by the king. He retained full executive authority and ministers were responsible only to him. As a result, the grip of the landowning classes, the Junkers, remained unbroken, especially in the eastern provinces.

In 1862 King William I appointed Otto von Bismarck as Prime Minister of Prussia. Bismarck was determined to defeat both the Liberals and the Conservatives by creating a strong united Germany but under the domination of the Prussian ruling class and bureaucracy, not the western German Liberals. As he realized that the Prussian crown could only win the support of the people if she herself took the lead in the fight for the German unification, Bismarck guided Prussia through three wars which together brought William the position of German Emperor.

The Schleswig Wars
The Kingdom of Denmark was at the time in personal union with the Duchies of Schleswig and Holstein, both of which had close ties with each other, although only Holstein belonged to the German Confederation. The nationalistic attempt by the Danish government in Copenhagen to integrate Schleswig, but not Holstein, into the Danish state led to the First War of Schleswig (1848-1851), in which Prussia led the German Confederation against Denmark. Although the Danes were defeated militarily, Prussia was pressured by the Great Powers into returning Schleswig and Holstein to Denmark, in return for assurances that the Danes would not try to integrate Schleswig again. Because of Russian support for Austria, Prussia was also embarrassed by conceding predominance in the German Confederation to Austria in the Punctation of Olmütz in 1850.

In 1863 Denmark annexed Schleswig, leading to the Second War of Schleswig in 1864 between Denmark and the German Confederation, led by Prussia and Austria. The confederate German forces crushed the Danes, and in the resulting Gastein Convention of 1865 Prussia took over the administration of Schleswig while Austria administered Holstein.

Austro-Prussian War
Expansion of Prussia 1807-1871Bismarck realized that the dual administration of Schleswig and Holstein was only a temporary solution, and tensions escalated between Prussia and Austria. If the deeper cause of the ensuing Austro-Prussian War (1866) was the struggle for supremacy in Germany, the actual trigger was the dispute over Schleswig and Holstein.

On the side of Austria stood the central and southern German states; on the side of Prussia, beside some northern German states, was Italy. When Prussian troops, equipped with superior arms, achieved the crucial victory at Königgrätz under Helmuth von Moltke the Elder, Austria was defeated, ending its decades-long struggle with Prussia for dominance of Germany.

Bismarck desired to have Austria as an ally in the future, and therefore declined to annex any territory from the Austrian Empire. However, in the Peace of Prague in 1866, Prussia annexed the Kingdom of Hanover, Hesse-Kassel, the Duchy of Nassau, the free city of Frankfurt, and all of Schleswig-Holstein. Prussia now stretched virtually uninterrupted across the northern two-thirds of Germany and contained two-thirds of Germany's population. The German Confederation was dissolved, and Prussia cajoled 21 of the states north of the Main River into forming the North German Confederation.

Prussia was the dominant state in the new confederation, as the kingdom took up almost four-fifths of the new grouping's territory and population. Prussia's near-total control over the confederation was cemented in the constitution drafted for it by Bismarck in 1867. Executive power was held by a president, assisted by a chancellor responsible only to him. The presidency was hereditary with the Hohenzollern rulers of Prussia. There was also a two-house parliament. The lower house, or Reichstag (Diet), was elected by universal manhood suffrage. The upper house, or Bundesrat (Federal Council) was appointed by the state governments. The Bundesrat was, in practice, the stronger of the two chambers. Prussia had 17 out of 43 votes, and could easily control proceedings through alliances with the other states.

As a result of the peace negotiations, the states south of the Main remained theoretically independent, but received the (compulsory) protection of Prussia. Additionally, mutual defensive alliances were signed, the "Schutz- und Trutzbündnisse" (see also "Das Lied der Deutschen" in which these terms are also used). However, the existence of these treaties was kept secret until Bismarck made them public in 1867, when France tried to acquire Luxembourg.

Franco-Prussian War

The controversy with the Second French Empire over the candidacy of a Hohenzollern to the Spanish throne was escalated both by France and Bismarck, who, with his Ems Dispatch, took advantage of an incident in which the French ambassador had approached William. The government of Napoleon III, expecting another civil war among the German states, declared war against Prussia, continuing Franco-German enmity once more in a hostile manner. Honoring their treaties, the German states joined forces and quickly defeated France in the Franco-Prussian War in 1870. Following victory under Bismarck's and Prussia's leadership, Baden, Württemberg, Bavaria, Mecklenburg, and Saxony accepted incorporation into a united German Empire.

Austria, which remained connected to Hungary, did not join, thus the Kleindeutsche Lösung, a federated German Empire without Austria, was enacted. On 18 January 1871 (the 170th anniversary of the coronation of King Frederick I), William was proclaimed "German Emperor" (not "Emperor of Germany") in the Hall of Mirrors at Versailles outside of Paris, while the French capital was still under siege.