This is really long and I am very sorry for that.
I honestly hadn't realised that they had. I have to admit I am not an expert on the subject but I do know that Napoleon (France) declared war on Austria so I am surprised they needed any form of coaxing into retaliation.
Here are some bullet points that might help? And I also included a nice page that gives some interesting bits of information on this era.
- NAPOLEON BELIEVED THE STATE SYSTEM WITH ITS BALANCE OF POWER WAS DEAD AND THAT EUROPE MUST BE REORGANIZED UNDER FRENCH HEGEMONY AND THAT ADMINISTRATIVE REFORM AND THE NAPOLEONIC CODE SPREAD THROUGHOUT EUROPE.
- NAPOLEON USED HIS DIPLOMATIC SKILL TO LURE RUSSIA AWAY FROM THE SECOND COALITION WITH AUSTRIA AND ENGLAND.
- BY 1801, HE DEFEATED THE AUSTRIAN ARMIES, THUS ENDING THE SECOND COALITION AND ISOLATING ENGLAND. IN 1802, ENGLAND AND FRANCE SIGNED A PEACE TREATY.
- NAPOLEON THEN THOUGHT ABOUT THE IDEA OF REBUILDING THE FRENCH EMPIRE IN THE AMERICAS.
- A SIZEABLE FRENCH ARMY MET DISASTER IN HAITI.
- AS A RESULT, NAPOLEON DECIDED TO SELL THE LOUISIANA TERRITORY TO THE UNITED STATES AND MAKE PREPARATIONS FOR A WAR WITH ENGLAND.
- IN DECEMBER OF 1805, NAPOLEON FOUGHT "THE MOST PERFECT BATTLE IN HISTORY" AND HIS "MASTERPIECE," THE BATTLE OF AUSTERLITZ.
(1) THREE EMPERORS MET ON THE SAME BATTLEFIELD - NAPOLEON, ALEXANDER I OF RUSSIA, AND FRANCIS I OF AUSTRIA. THIS "BATTLE OF THE THREE EMPERORS" WAS A BRILLIANT VICTORY FOR NAPOLEON.
- HE PROCEEDED TO CRUSH THE PRUSSIAN ARMIES IN TWO BATTLES IN 1806, THUS ENDING THE THIRD COALITION WITH THE TREATY OF TILSET IN 1807.
- NAPOLEON WAS NOW IN CONTROL OF MUCH OF EUROPE AND FRANCE WAS STRETCHED FAR BEYOND ITS NATURAL BOUNDARIES.
- THE HUNDREDS OF TINY GERMAN STATES WERE FORMED BY NAPOLEON INTO A CONFEDERATION OF THE RHINE UNDER FRENCH CONTROL. THE MORIBUND HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE WAS ABOLISHED IN 1806.
- SPAIN WAS UNDER NAPOLEON'S THUMB, AUSTRIA AND PRUSSIA WERE HUMILIATED, RUSSIA FORMED AN UNEASY ALLIANCE WITH FRANCE.
- TO DEAL WITH ENGLAND, "THAT NATION OF SHOPKEEPERS," NAPOLEON FORMED THE CONTINENTAL SYSTEM TO ECONOMICALLY BLOCKADE ENGLAND INTO SURRENDER.
(1) HE STRICTLY FORBADE ANY NATION IN EUROPE TO TRADE WITH HER.
- THE TIDE BEGAN TO TURN AGAINST NAPOLEON WHEN HE CAUSED THE PENINSULAR WAR, THE "SPANISH ULCER", WITH SPAIN IN 1808.
- NAPOLEON REMOVED THE SPANISH BOURBON KING AND DECLARED HIS OWN BROTHER, JOSEPH, KING OF SPAIN.
- THE SPANISH POPULATION ROSE IN REBELLION AGAINST THIS MOVE.
- A LONG AND BITTER GUERRILLA WARFARE WAS WAGED AGAINST THE FRENCH WHICH PINNED DOWN OVER 250,000 FRENCH TROOPS IN A NO-WIN WAR (1808-1814).
- THE FRENCH OCCUPATION OF MUCH OF EUROPE WAS ALSO UNINTENTIONALLY GIVING BIRTH TO A STRONG SPIRIT OF NATIONALISM IN COUNTRIES THAT FRANCE CONTROLLED OR HAD DEFEATED.
- AS THE SPIRIT OF NATIONALISM GREW, FRANCE WAS VIEWED AS AN INVADER.
- SEEING NAPOLEON TIED DOWN IN SPAIN, AUSTRIA REVOLTED AGAINST FRANCE IN 1809.
- TSAR ALEXANDER I OF RUSSIA BEGAN TO SHIFT FROM A NEUTRAL POSITION WITH FRANCE.
- HE MISTRUSTED NAPOLEON AND THOUGHT THAT HE HAD OVER-EXTENDED HIS POWER.
- HE RESENTED THE CONTINENTAL SYSTEM BECAUSE IT INTERFERED WITH RUSSIA'S PROSPEROUS TRADE WITH ENGLAND. BY 1812, ALEXANDER ANNOUNCED THAT HE WAS OPENLY DEFYING THE BAN ON TRADE.
- NAPOLEON RESPONDED BY DECLARING WAR ON RUSSIA.
- NAPOLEON'S INVASION OF RUSSIA (1812):
- NAPOLEON LED THE INVASION WITH HIS GRAND ARMY OF SOME 600,000 TROOPS. IT WAS THE LARGEST FORCE EVER ASSEMBLED, UP TO THAT TIME, FOR A SINGLE MILITARY OPERATION.
(1) IT WAS AN INTERNATIONAL ARMY - OVER 1/3 OF IT WAS FRENCH, 1/3 GERMAN, AND THE REST WERE POLISH, AUSTRIAN, AND ITALIAN TROOPS.
- NAPOLEON LOOKED FOR A DECISIVE KNOCKOUT BLOW TO THE RUSSIAN ARMY, BUT IT KEPT RETREATING DEEPER AND DEEPER INTO RUSSIA.
- THE RUSSIANS DEVELOPED A "SCORCHED-EARTH" POLICY WHICH FORCED NAPOLEON TO RELY ON EVER LONGER SUPPLY LINES THAT WERE VULNERABLE TO ATTACK.
- ON SEPTEMBER 7, NEAR MOSCOW, NAPOLEON FOUGHT THE BATTLE OF BORODINO AND MANAGED TO BEAT, BUT NOT DESTROY, THE RUSSIAN ARMY. HE THEN ENTERED MOSCOW, BUT THE RUSSIANS HAD EVACUATED IT AND BURNED IT.
- WITH WINTER SETTING IN, NAPOLEON, AT LAST, DECIDED ON A LONG RETREAT.
- HIS RETREAT FROM MOSCOW WAS ONE OF THE GREATEST MILITARY DISASTERS OF ALL TIME.
- MEN FROZE TO DEATH, DIED FROM STARVATION OR DISEASE, OR WERE PICKED-OFF BY GUERRILLAS.
- OF THE 600,000 MEN IN THE GRAND ARMY, 400,000 PERISHED. NO MORE THAN 100,000 SURVIVED THE RETREAT.
- WITH GREAT SPEED, NAPOLEON WAS ABLE TO RAISE STILL ANOTHER ARMY - 160,000 HASTILY TRAINED TROOPS.
- A FOURTH COALITION WAS FORMED AGAINST HIM CONSISTING OF ENGLAND, RUSSIA, PRUSSIA, AUSTRIA, AND SWEDEN IN 1813.
- THE TWO ARMIES CLASHED IN GERMANY, AT THE BATTLE OF LEIPZIG, OCTOBER 1813. AT THIS "BATTLE OF THE NATIONS," THE 320,000 ALLIED TROOPS WERE VICTORIOUS AFTER THREE DAYS OF FIGHTING.
- THE RESULT WAS THAT THE ALLIES REACHED PARIS BY MARCH 1814 AND NAPOLEON WAS FORCED TO ABDICATE IN AN UNCONDITIONAL SURRENDER. FRANCE NO LONGER HAS HEGEMONY OVER EUROPE. NAPOLEON WAS EXILED TO THE ISLAND OF ELBA OFF OF ITALY.
- WITH THE HELP OF THE FRENCH DIPLOMAT TALLEYRAND, THE VICTORIOUS ALLIES RESTORED THE BOURBON MONARCHY IN THE PERSON OF LOUIS XVIII, THE BROTHER OF THE BEHEADED LOUIS XVI.
- THE BOUNDARIES OF FRANCE WERE RESTORED TO THEIR ORIGINAL 1792 SIZE, AND THE BALANCE OF POWER WAS ONCE MORE ACHIEVED.
- NAPOLEON GREW TIRED WITH ELBA QUICKLY.
- IN MARCH OF 1815, HE ESCAPED AND RETURNED ONCE AGAIN TO "SAVE" FRANCE.
- THE FRENCH TROOPS, SENT BY LOUIS XVIII TO CAPTURE HIM, DESERTED TO NAPOLEON'S SIDE AND THE KING FLED THE COUNTRY.
- NAPOLEON'S RETURN FROM ELBA UNTIL HIS FINAL SURRENDER IS CALLED THE "HUNDRED DAYS."
- A FIFTH COALITION WAS QUICKLY FORMED IN 1815 AGAINST HIM BY ENGLAND, PRUSSIA, RUSSIA, AUSTRIA, AND THE DUTCH.
- NAPOLEON RAISED A 120,000 MAN ARMY AND DECIDED ON A QUICK BLOW TO THE ENGLISH AND PRUSSIAN ARMIES BEFORE RUSSIA AND AUSTRIA COULD GET THEIR TROOPS INTO THE FIELD.
- ON JUNE 18, 1815 NAPOLEON STRUCK HARD AT THE BRITISH ARMY UNDER THE DUKE OF WELLINGTON AT A PLACE CALLED WATERLOO, IN WHAT TODAY IS BELGIUM (106,000 BRITISH TROOPS).
- DURING THE MOST CRUCIAL HOUR OF THE BATTLE, THE PRUSSIAN ARMY ARRIVED TO OVERWHELM THE FRENCH WITH THEIR 160,000-MAN ARMY.
- NAPOLEON TRIED TO RAISE ANOTHER ARMY, BUT THE FRENCH PEOPLE HAD HAD ENOUGH.
- THE BRITISH ARRESTED NAPOLEON AND TOOK HIM TO THE ISLAND OF ST. HELENA, IN THE SOUTH ATLANTIC. NAPOLEON DIED THERE IN 1821.
THE EFFECTS OF FRENCH REVOLUTION AND NAPOLEON'S AGE
- JUST 26 YEARS SEPARATE THE START OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION IN 1789 AND THE FINAL OVERTHROW OF NAPOLEON IN 1815. YET MODERN EUROPE WAS PROFOUNDLY CHANGED DURING THAT TIME.
- IN FRANCE:
- THE BELIEF IN LIBERTY, EQUALITY, AND FRATERNITY WERE FIRMLY ESTABLISHED.
- THE CONCEPT OF POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY - THAT THE POWER A GOVERNMENT HAS COMES FROM THE PEOPLE - WAS ROOTED DEEPLY.
- LOUIS XVIII, A BOURBON, WAS RESTORED TO THE THRONE. HE DID NOT DARE CHALLENGE THIS IDEA.
- THE FRENCH REVOLUTION ENDED THE EUROPEAN MIDDLE AGES IN MANY PLACES OUTSIDE OF FRANCE.
- AS NAPOLEON'S ARMIES MARCHED THROUGH EUROPE, THEY LEFT A PERMANENT MARK ON EUROPE.
- IN GERMANY, ITALY, AND SPAIN FEUDALISM AND SERFDOM WERE ABOLISHED.
- THE IDEAS OF EQUALITY, RELIGIOUS TOLERATION, AND POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY WERE SOWN IN LANDS WHERE RULERS TRIED TO SUPPRESS THEM (LIBERALISM).
- THE NAPOLEONIC CODE PROVED TO BE A GREAT LEGAL HELP IN MANY PLACES.
- NAPOLEON AIDED THE UNIFICATION OF GERMANY AND ITALY BY BREAKING DOWN THEIR MEDIEVAL POLITICAL BOUNDARIES.
- NAPOLEON, UNINTENTIONALLY, GAVE RISE TO A STRONG SPIRIT OF NATIONALISM.
- GOVERNMENTS IN AUSTRIA AND PRUSSIA TRIED TO REORGANIZE AND BE MORE EFFICIENT IN ORDER TO STOP NAPOLEON WITH A NATIONAL EFFORT.
- THROUGHOUT GERMANY AND ITALY THERE GREW A STRONG DESIRE FOR REAL NATIONAL UNITY (NATIONALISM).
- NATIONALISM AWAKENED IN THE AUSTRIAN EMPIRE - THE CZECHS, HUNGARIANS, SLAVS, AND ITALIANS BECAME RESTLESS FOR INDEPENDENCE AND SELF-GOVERNMENT.
- IN RUSSIA, A SOCIAL AND POLITICAL BACKWARD COUNTRY, A LIBERAL MOVEMENT AMONG ARMY OFFICERS AND YOUNG REFORMERS WAS BORN.
- MODERN WARFARE REPLACED THE SMALL PROFESSIONAL ARMY.
- IT FEATURED THE "UNIVERSAL DRAFT" AND COMPLETE MOBILIZATION OF A COUNTRY'S RESOURCES AND THE PROPAGANDA APPEALS TO NATIONALISM.
- ENGLAND RESPONDED TO NAPOLEON'S INVASION PLANS BY DECLARING WAR IN 1803 AND FORMING THE THIRD COALITION AGAINST HIM WITH AUSTRIA, PRUSSIA, AND RUSSIA.
- IN ONE OF THE MOST FAMOUS NAVAL BATTLES IN HISTORY, THE BATTLE OF TRAFALGAR, THE BRITISH ADMIRAL HORATIO NELSON, DECISIVELY DEFEATED THE FRENCH AND SPANISH NAVIES. THIS EVENT CONTINUED GREAT BRITAIN'S CONTROL OF THE SEAS WHICH LASTED UNTIL WWII. THIS EVENT RUINED NAPOLEON'S PLAN FOR THE INVASION OF ENGLAND.
2006-10-09 22:01:07
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answer #1
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answered by â?¥MissMayâ?¥ 4
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