who gave the 7 days in week and 365 days in year?

Question

Before that, how did people count the time ..........

Answer 1

A calendar is a system for naming periods of time, typically days. These names are known as calendar dates. Cycles in a calendar are often synchronised with the perceived motion of astronomical objects.

A calendar is also a physical device (often paper). This is the most common usage of the word.

As a subset, 'calendar' is also used to denote a list of particular set of planned events (for example, court calendar).

A full calendar system has a different calendar date for every day. Thus the week cycle is by itself not a full calendar system; neither is a system to name the days within a year without a system for identifying the years.

The simplest calendar system just counts days from a reference day. This applies for the Julian day. Virtually the only possible variation is using a different reference day, in particular one less distant in the past to make the numbers smaller. Computations in these systems are just a matter of addition and subtraction.

Other calendars have one, or, more commonly, multiple larger units of time.

Calendars that contain one level of cycles:

week and weekday - this system (without year, the week number keeps on increasing) is not very common
year and ordinal date within the year, e.g. the ISO 8601 ordinal date system
Calendars with two levels of cycles:

year, month, and day - most systems, including the Gregorian calendar (and its very similar predecessor, the Julian calendar), the Islamic calendar, and the Hebrew calendar
year, week, and weekday - e.g. the ISO week date
Cycles can be synchronised with periodic phenomena:

A lunar calendar is synchronized to the motion of the Moon (lunar phases); an example is the Islamic calendar.
A solar calendar is based on perceived seasonal changes synchronized to the apparent motion of the Sun; an example is the Persian calendar.
There are some calendars that appear to be synchronized to the motion of Venus, such as some of the ancient Egyptian calendars; synchronization to Venus appears to occur primarily in civilizations near the Equator.
The week cycle is an example of one that is not synchronized to any external phenomenon.
Very commonly a calendar includes more than one type of cycle, or has both cyclic and acyclic elements. A lunisolar calendar is synchronized both to the motion of the Moon and to the apparent motion of the Sun; an example is the Jewish calendar.

Many calendars incorporate simpler calendars as elements. For example, the rules of the Jewish calendar depend on the seven-day week cycle (a very simple calendar), so the week is one of the cycles of the Jewish calendar. It is also common to operate two calendars simultaneously, usually providing unrelated cycles, and the result may also be considered a more complex calendar. For example, the Gregorian calendar has no inherent dependence on the seven-day week, but in Western society the two are used together, and calendar tools indicate both the Gregorian date and the day of week.

The week cycle is shared by various calendar systems (although the significance of special days such as Friday, Saturday, and Sunday varies). Systems of leap days usually do not affect the week cycle. The week cycle was not even interrupted when 10 dates were skipped when the Gregorian calendar was introduced.

Not all calendars use the solar year as a unit. A lunar calendar is one in which days are numbered within each lunar phase cycle. Because the length of the lunar month is not an even fraction of the length of the tropical year, a purely lunar calendar quickly drifts against the seasons. It does, however, stay constant with respect to other phenomena, notably tides. A lunisolar calendar is a lunar calendar that compensates by adding an extra month as needed to realign the months with the seasons. An example is the Jewish calendar which uses a 19 year cycle.

Lunar calendars are believed to be the oldest calendars invented by mankind. Cro-Magnon people are claimed to have invented one around 32,000 BC.

Nearly all calendar systems group consecutive days into "months" and also into "years". In a solar calendar a year approximates Earth's tropical year (that is, the time it takes for a complete cycle of seasons), traditionally used to facilitate the planning of agricultural activities. In a lunar calendar, the month approximates the cycle of the moon phase. Consecutive days may be grouped into other periods such as the week.

Because the number of days in the tropical year is not a whole number, a solar calendar must have a different number of days in different years. This may be handled, for example, by adding an extra day (29 February) in leap years. The same applies to months in a lunar calendar and also the number of months in a year in a lunisolar calendar. This is generally known as intercalation. Even if a calendar is solar, but not lunar, the year cannot be divided entirely into months that never vary in length.

Cultures may define other units of time, such as the week, for the purpose of scheduling regular activities that do not easily coincide with months or years. Many cultures use different baselines for their calendars' starting years. For example, the year in Japan is based on the reign of the current emperor--2006 would be Year 18 of the Emperor Akihito. In addition to the Christian calendar, the United States also refers to the number of years since American independence in some official documents (i.e., 2006 would be the Year 231--since Year 1 was 1776, when America declared independence).

The primary practical use of a calendar is to identify days: to be informed about and/or to agree on a future event and to record an event that has happened. Days may be significant for civil, religious or social reasons. For example, a calendar provides a way to determine which days are religious or civil holidays, which days mark the beginning and end of business accounting periods, and which days have legal significance, such as the day taxes are due or a contract expires. Also a calendar may, by identifying a day, provide other useful information about the day such as its season.

Calendars are also used as part of a complete timekeeping system: date and time of day together specify a moment in time. In the modern world, written calendars are no longer an essential part of such systems, as the advent of accurate clocks has made it possible to record time independently of astronomical events.

Calendars in widespread use today include the Gregorian calendar, which is the de facto international standard, and is used almost everywhere in the world for civil purposes, including in China and India (along with the Indian national calendar). Due to the Gregorian calendar's obvious connotations of Christianity, non-Christians sometimes justify its use by replacing the traditional era notations "AD" and "BC" ("Anno Domini" and "Before Christ") with "CE" and "BCE" ("Common Era" and "Before Common Era"). The Hindu calendars are some of the most ancient calendars of the world. The Gregorian calendar is widely used in Israel's business and day-to-day affairs, but the Hebrew calendar is used for religious affairs.

Also, the Persian calendar is used in Iran and Afghanistan. The Islamic calendar is used by Muslims the world over. The Chinese, Hebrew, Hindu, and Julian calendars are widely used for religious and/or social purposes. The Ethiopian calendar or Ethiopic calendar is the principal calendar used in Ethiopia and Eritrea.

Even where there is a commonly used calendar such as the Gregorian calendar, alternate calendars may also be used, such as a fiscal calendar or the astronomical year numbering system

Digging into the history of the 7-day week is a very complicated matter. Authorities have very different opinions about the history of the week, and they frequently present their speculations as if they were indisputable facts. The only thing we seem to know for certain about the origin of the 7-day week is that we know nothing for certain.

The first pages of the Bible explain how God created the world in six days and rested on the seventh. This seventh day became the Jewish day of rest, the Sabbath, Saturday.

Extra-biblical locations sometimes mentioned as the birthplace of the 7-day week include: Babylon, Persia, and several others. The week was known in Rome before the advent of Christianity.

If you define a ``week'' as a 7-day period, obviously the answer is no. But if you define a ``week'' as a named interval that is greater than a day and smaller than a month, the answer is yes.

The ancient Egyptians used a 10-day ``week'', as did the French Revolutionary calendar.

The Maya calendar uses a 13 and a 20-day ``week''

Answer 2

The "seven days in a week" is like due to two things:
1. One month (from "moon") is the time (roughly) for the moon to go through all of its four phases, one quarter of this is about seven days. The months vary in length to make it fit in with the solar year (365 days).
2. There were seven "planets" (which also included the sun and the moon) to astrologers, the forerunners of modern astronomers.
These two ideas probably lead to a seven day week.
I did read there was a civilization which had a 10 day week, but I forget who it was (the Egyptians?).

A year had 365 days in it because it is (roughly) the time it takes the sun to return to the same position in the sky.

We now know it is the earth which goes around the sun, but long ago, people thought it was the other way around.

Answer 3

The 365 days of the year is based on the earths rotation around the sun. It's only off by about 6 hours, which is why we have an extra day every 4th year on Leap Year. The seven day week has appeared in several ancient cultures, and is most likely caused by 7 being a quarter of the Lunar month, so each week follows a phase of the moon.

Answer 4

A day is the time it takes Earth to rotate once relative to the Sun, and a year is the time it takes Earth to revolve around the Sun. "Simply" from observing Earth's motions around the Sun we can see that there are 365 (plus a little bit) days in a year. I put "simply" in quotes because in practice it's not that simple and it's a bit time consuming.

The 7 day week has a few potential origins. For one, it is the approximate time between the major moon phases (new moon to first quarter, first quarter to full moon, etc). The total time from one new moon to the next is 29.5 days.

Another possibility is from the fact that there are 7 objects in the sky that appear to wander against the background stars - the Sun and Moon, and the 5 planets that are visible to the naked eye (Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn). The names of the week all correspond to the names of these wanderers in many different languages - in English they correspond to the teutonic names, in French and Spanish they correspond to the more familiar latin/greek names (I never remember which!).

The history of how we tell time is neat, I think (in a nerdy sort of way, but that's ok!).

Answer 5

Constantine in AD 321 decided that there would officially be 7 days in a week. It was the ancient egypitians who devised the 365 day, 12 month calander with Julius ceaser setting that in stone. people generally did not know the date before calenders lol but could tell the time by means of something like a sundial and by looking at where the sun is in the sky.

Answer 6

The ancients had two very obvious things to determine time, the seasons , days, and the moon.
The exact time of seasonal change was determined by watching shadows on unmovable objects, like stone cliffs. Days from light to light. The moon returns to its exact position every twenty-eight days. In some warm climates, moon to moon was called a year.
The week was a division of the moon. Seven days was a quarter of a moon, fourteen days was a half of a moon, etc.

Answer 7

The seven-day week became established in both the West and East according to different paths:

Hindu civilization is known to have had the concept of seven-day week with instances in the Ramayana, a sacred epic written in Sanskrit about 300 BC, in which there is a mention of Bhanu-vaar meaning Sunday, Soma-vaar meaning Moon-day and so forth.

The ancient Babylonians are known to have observed a seven-day week; each day dedicated to a different deity. The significance of seven comes from Babylonian astronomy. There are the seven heavenly bodies or luminaries normally visible to the naked eye (the Sun, Moon, and 5 visible planets), and they associated each with a deity.

Other theories speculate that the fixed seven-day period is a simplification of a quarter of a lunar month.

The Hebrew and therefore Christian 7 day week corresponds to the creation of earth in 6 days and the seventh being a day of rest.

The Chinese use of the seven day week (and thus Korean, Japanese, Tibetan, and Vietnamese use) traces back to the 600's AD, when the concept of the seven "luminaries" of Babylonia spread to China. The days were assigned to each of the luminaries, but the week did not affect social life or the official calendar. It is mostly kept in astrological purposes and cited in several Buddhist texts until the Jesuits reintroduced the concept in the 16th century. Thus the 19th century Japanese, when encountering Europeans for the first time, were surprised to find their own names for the days of the week corresponded to the English names (and in fact were better preservations of the original Babylonian concepts, the English day names having been conflated with gods from Germanic mythology). By contrast, the Japanese names refer to the Chinese Sun, Moon and the five planets. The only difference is that the planets in the Japanese week have Chinese names based on the 'Five Elements' (not including Sun and Moon) rather than pagan gods.

The length of the year is based on the time between two recurrences of an event related to the orbit of the Earth around the Sun, though the exact number of days varies according to the calendar used. For example:

353, 354 or 355 days — the lengths of common years in some lunisolar calendars

354.37 days — 12 lunar months; the average length of a year in lunar calendars

365 days — a common year in many solar calendars

365.24219 days — a mean tropical year near the year 2000

365.2424 days — a vernal equinox year.

365.2425 days — the average length of a year in the Gregorian calendar

365.25 days — the average length of a year in the Julian calendar

365.2564 days — a sidereal year

366 days — a leap year in many solar calendars

383, 384 or 385 days — the lengths of leap years in some lunisolar calendars

383.9 days — 13 lunar months; a leap year in some lunisolar calendars

An average Gregorian year is 365.2425 days = 52.1775 weeks, 8,765.82 hours = 525,949.2 minutes = 31,556,952 seconds (mean solar, not SI).

A common year is 365 days = 8,760 hours = 525,600 minutes = 31,536,000 seconds.

A leap year is 366 days = 8,784 hours = 527,040 minutes = 31,622,400 seconds.

An easy to remember approximation for the number of seconds in a year is \begin{matrix}\pi\end{matrix}×107 seconds.

The 400-year cycle of the Gregorian calendar has 146,097 days and hence exactly 20,871 weeks.

Answer 8

The 7 days came from God in the Book of Genesis

Now the 365 days I dont know; but I would guess somebody took the time to be very patient and count how many days (or morning and nights) would happen in the span of a year.


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eagleswing.org

Answer 9

Pope Gregory. That's why it's the Gregorian Calendar

They used to count time by the phases of the moon.

Answer 10

365 days a year (365.25 to be more precice) is a basic unit of reality.

7 days a week is a human invention from pre biblical days.

Answer 11

The Scientists and Mathematicians combinely discussed and gave this arbitrary value. It is really an arbitrary value. It doesn't pretend to be like that because we are acquainted with this arbitrary value.

And before that people didn't' count time because they didn't know what it was.