What do you meant CDMA and GPRS system?

Answer 1

CDMA is "Code division multiple access" , a form of multiplexing. Muliplexing is a term used in electrical engineering to refer to a process where multiple sources of information are combined in order to ease the organization, conversion, and transportation of the material from one place to another. The information is usually held completely intact after it has been multiplexed but is transported in a different manner than normal.

General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) is a mobile data service available to users of GSM mobile phones for data transfer.

Answer 2

Short for Code-Division Multiple Access, a digital cellular technology that uses spread-spectrum techniques. Unlike competing systems, such as GSM, that use TDMA, CDMA does not assign a specific frequency to each user. Instead, every channel uses the full available spectrum. Individual conversations are encoded with a pseudo-random digital sequence. CDMA consistently provides better capacity for voice and data communications than other commercial mobile technologies, allowing more subscribers to connect at any given time, and it is the common platform on which 3G technologies are built.

Short for General Packet Radio Service, a standard for wireless communications which runs at speeds up to 115 kilobits per second, compared with current GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) systems' 9.6 kilobits.

GPRS, which supports a wide range of bandwidths, is an efficient use of limited bandwidth and is particularly suited for sending and receiving small bursts of data, such as e-mail and Web browsing, as well as large volumes of data.

Answer 3

regular packet radio provider (gprs) is a packet oriented cellular files provider accessible to purchasers of the 2d technology (2g) cellular verbal change platforms international equipment for cellular communications (GSM), as well as in the 3G platforms. In 2g platforms, gprs supplies you move p.c. of 56-114 kb/s. GPRS files move is often charged in preserving with megabyte of site visitors transferred, even as files verbal change is billed in preserving with minute of connection time, autonomous of no matter if the person truly is using the skill or is in an idle state. international equipment for cellular verbal change is the most well-known regularly happening for cellular telephony ( a equipment in which you could freely even as connecting to others with cellular).GSM is a cellular community, which signifies that cell phones connect with community through searching for cells in the encompassing.GSM also pioneered low-value implementation of the (SMS) which has because been supported on different cellular telephone criteria as well. the classic features a international emergency telephone volume function. GSM is taken under consideration a 2d technology (2G) cellular telephone equipment. Code branch numerous get entry to (cdma) is s a fashion used for digital verbal change, and on the spot technologies especially, that contains shifting through a diverse alerts lower than a unmarried unit.An analogy to the challenge of numerous get entry to is a room (channel) in which persons favor to communicate with one yet another. to maintain away from confusion, human beings might want to take turns talking (time branch), communicate at diverse pitches (frequency branch), or communicate in diverse languages (code branch). CDMA is analogous to the finest social gathering the position human beings talking a similar language can understand one yet another, yet no longer human beings. further, in radio CDMA, each and every crew of purchasers is given a shared code. Many codes occupy a similar channel, yet in elementary words purchasers linked with a particular code can understand one yet another.

Answer 4

CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) is a form of multiplexing (access to the same resource will be given to more than one user),which allows the use of a particular frequency for a number of signals, optimizing the use of available bandwidth. It is a cellular technology that uses spread-spectrum techniques. In CDMA technology every channel uses the full available spectrum. Individual conversations are encoded with a pseudo-random digital sequence.

CDMA employs analog-to-digital conversion (ADC) in combination with spread spectrum technology. Audio input is first digitized (ADC) into binary elements. The frequency of the transmitted signal is then made to vary according to a defined pattern (code), so it can be intercepted only by a receiver whose frequency response is programmed with the same code, so it follows exactly along with the transmitter frequency. There are trillions of possible frequency-sequencing codes; this enhances privacy and makes cloning difficult. The technology is used in ultra-high-frequency (UHF) cellular telephone systems in the 800-MHz and 1.9-GHz bands.
CDMA uses a radically different approach to what GSM does. It assigns a unique "code" to put multiple users on the same wideband channel at the same time. The codes so-called "pseudo-random code sequence" is used by both the mobile station (handset) and the base station to distinguish between conversations. This gives a greater level of privacy and security to the communication.

As far as radiation level concerned, CDMA is the most harmless one among all existing technologies. Of course, it transmits microwaves while on standby mode, like other technologies do. However, CDMA technology checks 800 times per second its transmission level. Therefore, radiation level is 10 times less than GSM. Another important thing to point out is that CDMA system transmits signals only when the user starts conversation. Simply saying, when you're listening the other ends conversation, you are not affected by microwave as the speaking person does.

It appears that CDMA would be the dominating technology in future and Mobile Forensics has to gear itself to the requirements of the CDMA technology


The General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) is a new non-voice value added service that allows Mobile Phones to be used for sending and receiving data over an Internet Protocol (IP)-based network. GPRS as such is a data bearer that enables wireless access to data networks like the Internet, enabling users to access E-mail and other Internet applications using Mobile Phones.

With GPRS you can enjoy a continuous wireless connection to data networks (Internet) and access your favorite web sites, entertainment services and other web applications.

How does it work?
GPRS is packet based, wherein GPRS data is handled as a series of "packets" that can be routed over several paths through the network, rather than as a continuous bit-stream over a dedicated dial-up connection. With GPRS, the information is split into separate but related "packets" before being transmitted and reassembled at the receiving end. The Internet itself is an example of a packet data network, the most famous of many such network types.

In second-generation mobile networks, calls are handled using traditional circuit-switching technology. A dedicated "circuit", or "timeslot", is allocated between two points for the duration of a call. No other phone can use this circuit during the call, regardless of whether any data is being transmitted or not.

The GPRS standard is delivered in a very elegant manner - with network operators needing only to add a couple of new infrastructure nodes and making a software upgrade to some existing GSM network elements.

Features
a) Internet on the Mobile: For the first time, GPRS fully enables Mobile Internet functionality by allowing interworking between the existing Internet and a new GPRS network. Any service that is used over the fixed Internet today- File Transfer Protocol (FTP), web browsing, chat, email, telnet- will be as available over the mobile network because of GPRS.

Because it uses the same protocols, the GPRS network can be viewed as a sub-network of the Internet with GPRS capable mobile phones being viewed as mobile hosts. This means that each GPRS terminal can potentially have its own IP address and will be addressable as such.

b) Rich Media Applications: GPRS facilitates several new applications that have not previously been available over GSM networks due to the limitations in speed of Circuit Switched Data (9.6 kbps) and message length of the Short Message Service (160 characters). GPRS will fully enable the Internet applications you are used to on your desktop, from web browsing to chat over the mobile network. Other new applications for GPRS, profiled later, include file transfer and home automation- the ability to remotely access and control in-house appliances and machines.

c) Speed: GPRS allows large amounts of data to be sent over mobile networks at speeds three to four times greater than conventional GSM systems. Theoretical maximum speeds of up to 171.2 kilobits per second (kbps) are achievable with GPRS using all eight timeslots at the same time. This is about three to four times as fast as the data transmission speeds possible over today's fixed telecommunications networks and ten times as fast as current Circuit Switched Data services on GSM networks. By allowing information to be transmitted more quickly, immediately and efficiently across the mobile network, GPRS may well be a relatively less costly mobile data service compared to SMS and Circuit Switched Data.

d) Always On: GPRS facilitates instant connections whereby information can be sent or received immediately as the need arises, subject to radio coverage. No dial-up modem connection is necessary. This is why GPRS users are sometimes referred to be as being "always connected". Immediacy is one of the advantages of GPRS (and SMS) when compared to Circuit Switched Data. High immediacy is a very important feature for time critical applications such as remote credit card authorization where it would be unacceptable to keep the customer waiting for even thirty extra seconds.