What is the relationship between asymetric information and financial instruments?

Answer 1

In economics, information asymmetry occurs when one party to a transaction has more or better information than the other party. Typically it is the seller that knows more about the product than the buyer. Examples of situations where the seller usually has better information than the buyer are numerous but include used-car salespeople, mortgage brokers and loan originators, stockbrokers, real estate agents, and life insurance transactions.

Answer 2

Asymmetry is a characteristic feature of geometrical shapes, systems, equations, and other real or conceptual objects —typically, in which one half of the object is NOT a reflection (i.e., a "mirror") of the other half. It is the opposite of symmetry.
When you say asymmetric information, I assume you were referring to the fact that the price movement of financial instruments move in-step with the information (i.e., rise in interest rates brings down the prices of corporate bonds). There are many occurrences of this sort of symmetry in the capital markets, but not all of them can be proven.