what are the effects and changes of discovering the water route to asia?

Answer 1

I suppose you mean from Europe going south of Africa. The Dutch used the "Roaring 40s". A trade wind that helped them travel frome west to east across the Indian Ocean to get quickly to tropical spices in the South East Asia area. This cut down travel time and expences a trading company would spend to bring richly valued produce from Asia back to Europe.

One trader, Dirk Hart Hogg stayed on that trade wind too long and bumped into the west coast of Australia. Great discovery, but he saw the desert area, so jotted it onto his map and then went shopping.