i need answers to my questions people what is the digestion process in the stomach?

Answer 1

digestion process--


In humans, digestion begins in the oral cavity where food is chewed (mastication) with the teeth. The process stimulates exocrine glands in the mouth to release digestive enzymes such as salivary amylase, which aid in the breakdown of carbohydrates. Chewing (mechanical catabolism) also causes the release of saliva, which helps condense food into a bolus that can be easily passed through the oesophagus. The oesophagus is about 20 centimeters long. Saliva also begins the process of chemical catabolism, hydrolysis. Once food is chewed properly, the food is swallowed. The bolus is pushed down by the movement called peristalsis, which is an involuntary wave-like contraction of smooth muscle tissue, characteristic of the digestive system. The mechanism for swallowing is co-ordinated by the swallowing centre in the medulla oblongata and pons. The reflex is initiated by touch receptors in the pharynx as a bolus of food is pushed to the back of the mouth by the tongue. The uvula is a small flap that hangs from the roof of the mouth. During swallowing it and the soft palate retract upward and to the rear to close the nasopharynx, which prevents the food from entering the nasal passages by triggering closure of the soft palate. When swallowed, the food enters the pharynx, which makes special adaptations to prevent choking or aspiration when food is swallowed. The epiglottis is a cartilage structure that closes temporarily during swallowing, preventing food and liquids from entering the trachea.

The food enters the stomach upon passage through the cardiac sphincter. In the stomach, food is further broken apart through a process of heuristic churning and is thoroughly mixed with a digestive fluid, composed chiefly of hydrochloric acid, and other digestive enzymes to further denature proteins. The parietal cells of the stomach also secrete a compound, intrinsic factor which is essential in the absorption of vitamin B-12. As the acidic level changes in the small intestines, more enzymes are activated to split apart the molecular structure of the various nutrients so they may be absorbed into the circulatory or lymphatic systems.

After being processed in the stomach, food is passed to the small intestine via the pyloric sphincter. This is where most of the digestive process occurs as chyme enters the first 10 inches of the small intestine, the duodenum. Here it is further mixed with 3 different liquids: (1)bile (which helps aid in fat digestion, otherwise known as emulsification), (2) pancreatic juice and enzymes, (made by the pancreas), and (3) intestinal enzymes of the alkaline mucosal membranes. The enzymes include: maltase, lactase and sucrase, to process sugars. Trypsin and chymotrypsin are other enzymes added in the small intestine. (Bile also contains pigments that are by-products of red blood cell destruction in the liver; these bile pigments are eliminated from the body with the feces.) Most nutrient absorption takes place in the small intestine. The nutrients pass through the small intestine's wall, which contains small, finger-like structures called villi. The blood, which has absorbed nutrients, is carried away from the small intestine via the hepatic portal vein and goes to the liver for filtering, removal of toxins, and nutrient processing. The primary activity here is regulation of blood glucose levels through a prosess of temporary storage of excess glucose that is converted in the liver to glycogen in direct response to the hormone insulin. Between meals, when blood glucose levels begin to drop, the glycogen is converted back to glucose in response to the hormone glucagon.

After going through the small intestine, the food then goes to the large intestine. The large intestine has 3 parts: the cecum (or pouch that forms the T-junction with the small intestine), the colon, and the rectum. In the large intestine, water is reabsorbed, and the foods that cannot go through the villi, such as dietary fibre, can be stored in large intestine. Fibre helps to keep the food moving through the G.I. tract. The food that cannot be broken down is called faeces. Faeces are stored in the rectum until they are expelled through the anus.

Answer 2

We are hearing more and more about how helpful green tea can be for many conditions and for maintaining overall good health. Green tea is an excellent source of antioxidants, which are good for the heart and cholesterol levels, and the simulating effects are useful for weight control. Scientists who research and study natural foods seem to keep on rolling with new information about green tea. Keep reading to find out three terrific benefits of green tea and why you really should consider consuming it. Green tea can help to promote heart health and lower blood pressure. This tea has fat burning capabilities, and then there's the effect of lowering your overall cholesterol - and increasing the good cholesterol. So think about that: controlling your blood pressure, cholesterol, and then you can lose weight easier, too. The research recommends that to achieve that kind of control requires four cups of green tea per day. Green tea also comes as a decaffeinated tea, as well, just in the event you don't want to consume that much caffeine. While it would be premature to say that green tea prevents or cures cancer, there have been promising studies that suggest that it may very well reduce your risk of certain types of cancer. Very many people know about antioxidants and their ability to offer protection from various toxins; but it is also the polyphenol properties that have anti-cancer action that is noteworthy. In China, where a great deal of research occurs, scientists demonstrated a marked lower risk of esophagus cancer due to regular ingestion of green tea. Additional cancers that could benefit from green tea are stomach and lung cancer. You can help green tea do its job more effectively by choosing a healthy lifestyle, as we all know. When you drink the tea every day, you'll notice your overall energy level increase, and that will be great because you'll have a natural feeling and desire to be more active. Just one result of that will be an easier time with the weight loss if you need to do that. If you take energy enhancing supplements, be careful about that because of the ingredients. Energy drinks, for example, usually contain large amounts of sugar and caffeine. You will receive about 50% the amount of caffeine in green tea that you will get from a cup of regular coffee. All in all, green tea has a wide variety of helpful effects on the body, and experts are releasing more findings all the time. There appear to be few risks involved with green tea, while it is an inexpensive and easy to find food that can be enjoyed in a number of ways, hot or cold. So there it is - we hope you will feel excited and inspired to go out and get some green tea, today, and then use it every day for fantastic health. We hope you have enjoyed reading about the many benefits of green tea. If you want to start taking it, you have a choice of drinking tea or finding a good green tea supplement. If you take it regularly, you will enjoy more of the benefits.

Answer 3

Stomach is like a huge storage bag, in which food is batch processed, using stomach acids, enzymes, bacteria...and then realised to small intestine, for further processing and extracting of nutrients.

Answer 4

When we chew food, the pieces of food are cut, torn and ground into smaller particles while saliva is secreted and mixed with food in the mouth. The saliva is alkaline and contains an enzyme called amylase to break down starch. It also contains antibiotic like substances called lysozymes and white blood cells which help destroy micro-organisms like bacteria and viruses in the food. Proper chewing of food facilitates digestion by ensuring that the digestive enzymes are mixed intimately with the food particles, which enables the enzymes to break down the food into an absorbable form. It also allows the lysozymes and white blood cells to seek out invading bacteria and viruses and destroy them before they can attack the body.

The food then passes into the stomach. Here gastric juices containing hydrochloric acid and enzymes are secreted to sterilize the food and to break down protein. This hydrochloric acid has two important functions: It helps breakdown proteins and it destroys micro organisms like bacteria, parasites and viruses which may be present in the food.

The stomach also secretes an enzyme called pepsin which helps the digestion of protein. The stomach churns the food into a paste, mixing it, pouring fluid into it and then acts as a reservoir gradually releasing small spurts of food into the duodenum.

The duodenum is the first part of the small intestine where alkaline fluids like bile, pancreatic and intestinal juices are secreted. These juices are alkaline and very rich in enzymes and carry out a major portion of the digestion. They change the food from the stomach which is highly acid to highly alkaline thus destroying any acid resistant bacteria which have survived the transit through the stomach.

The process of digestion is carried out by enzymes which break down complex foods like protein, carbohydrates and fat to amino acids, simple sugars like glucose, glycerine and fatty acids respectively. An enzyme is like a key which unlocks small molecules like glucose from starch, by adding water to it. The digestion of food is accompanied by a constant secretion of fluid. All these secretions aim to breakdown and liquefy the food, into a dilute solution containing glucose, amino acids, fatty acids and ions as the body can only absorb nutrition in this form.

The limiting factors in digestion are the availability of water and that the enzyme has to move from molecule to molecule, unlocking it. Digestive enzymes work better and faster in a liquid medium. Hence liquid foods are easier to digest than solid foods. This fact is made use of in folk wisdom and hospitals where invalids, infants and elderly people are fed liquid diets like soups, porridge, gruel, khichdi etc. as they are easier to digest.

The commonly held belief that one should not drink water with meals is thus a fallacy. Drinking water with meals helps digestion, making the process of digestion quicker and more efficient allowing better digestion and absorption of food.

From the question it appears that it is from a schoolboy. The worthies who have answered him have asked him to go through a maze of sites.I have tried to make the answer as precise as possible.For a detailed study of course the guidance given by the other worties is excellent.


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Answer 5

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