Here's a definition of Humanism.
Renaissance humanism was a European intellectual movement beginning in Florence in the last decades of the 14th century. Its focus was on human dignity and potential and the place of mankind in nature; it valued the witnesses of reason and the evidence of the senses in reaching the truth over the Christian values of humility, introspection, and passivity, or "meekness" that had dominated European thought in the previous centuries. Beauty was held to represent a deep inner virtue and value, and an essential element in the path towards God. The movement developed from the rediscovery by European scholars of many Latin and Greek texts.
The humanists were in opposition to the philosophers of the day, the "schoolmen" of the Italian universities, or Oxford or Paris, whose methodology was derived from Thomas Aquinas.
Here are some examples if Humanism in Renaissance art which depict allegories or values from classical ancient Rome and Greece.
Sandro Botticelli - The Birth of Venus
The Birth of Venus is a painting by Sandro Botticelli. It depicts the Goddess Venus, having emerged from the sea as a full grown woman, arriving at the sea-shore. The painting is currently in the Uffizi Gallery in Florence.
This large picture by Botticelli may have been, like the Primavera, painted for Lorenzo di Pierfrancesco de' Medici's Villa di Castello, around 1483, or even before. Some scholars suggest that the Venus painted for Lorenzo and mentioned by Giorgio Vasari may have been a different work, now lost. Some experts believe it to be a celebration of the love of Giuliano di Piero de' Medici (who died in the Pazzi conspiracy in 1478) for Simonetta Cattaneo Vespucci, who lived in Portovenere, a town by the sea with a local tradition of being the birthplace of Venus. Whatever inspired the artist, there are clear similarities to Ovid's Metamorphoses and Fasti, as well as to Poliziano's Verses.
Detail of Venus.The classical Goddess Venus emerges from the water on a shell, blown towards shore by the Zephyrs, symbols of spiritual passions. She is joined by one of the Horae, goddesses of the seasons, who hands her a flowered cloak. According to some commentators, the naked goddess is a symbol not of earthly, but spiritual love, in the manner of an ancient marble statue (which might have inspired the 18th century sculptor, Antonio Canova, by its candor), slim and long-limbed, with harmonious features.
The effect, nonetheless, is distinctly pagan, considering it was made at a time and place when most artworks depicted Roman Catholic themes. It is somewhat surprising that this canvas escaped the flames of Savonarola's bonfires, where a number of Botticelli's other "pagan" influenced works perished. Botticelli was very close to Lorenzo de Medici. Because of their friendship and Lorenzo's power, this work was spared from Savonarola's fires and the disapproval of the Church.
The anatomy of Venus and various subsidiary details do not display the strict classical realism of Leonardo da Vinci or Raphael. Most obviously, Venus has an improbably long neck, and her left shoulder slopes at an anatomically unlikely angle. Such details only enhance the great beauty of the painting, and some
Leonardo da Vinci - The Vitruvian Man
Inspired by the work of Marcus Vitruvius Pollio (born ca. 80/70 BC?; died ca. 25 BC) a Roman writer, architect and engineer, active in the 1st century BC.
Petrach - Francesco Petrarca or Petrarch (July 20, 1304 – July 19, 1374) was an Italian scholar, poet, and early humanist. Petrarch and Dante are considered the fathers of the Renaissance.
The Voyage"
My galley cargoed with oblivion
Dares bitter seas in winter's midnight dark
Past Schylla and Charybdis. In the bark
My lord who is my enemy steers on.
Each rebel hand at ready oars defies
Death and a risen tempest, till the sail
Is shredded by a great, eternal gale
Of mad desire, of hope, of heavy sighs.
A rain of tears, a fog thick with disdain
Soak and slow down the old and weary rope
Twisted with ignorance, by folly frayed.
I seek my double star of love in vain.
Dead in the deep, both art and reason fade
And a safe harbor lies beyond my hope.
In Greek mythology, Scylla, or Skylla (Greek ΣκÏλλα) was a name shared by two characters, a female sea monster and a princess.
In Greek mythology, Charybdis or Kharybdis ("sucker down", Greek — ΧάÏÏ
βδιÏ) was a sea monster, daughter of Poseidon and Gaia
Hope this get you off to a good start.
2006-10-02 08:43:49
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answer #2
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answered by samanthajanecaroline 6
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