World History help please, Were stuck!?

Question

How did the catholic church respond to protestant critism in the 15 hundreds?

Answer 1

Not one could answer that question looking at the replys you got. Sadly they don't know European history that well.
Although the compromise mentioned above had been agreed upon, in reality the first session of the Council, 1545-1547, dealt almost exclusively with doctrinal matters. These decisions were among the most important ones of the entire Council and conceded nothing to the Protestants.
Catholic doctrine was defined clearly to highlight the differences with the Protestants. Among the decisions given by the Council, the following were the most important.
The first decision dealt with the matter of authority. The Council decreed that both Scripture and tradition were to be of equal authority. This was a denial of the position known as sola scriptura or the Bible alone possessing the supreme authority in the Church. In addition, the Latin Vulgate translation was declared the official Bible of the Church. As a result, a translation of the Scriptures was given more authority than the Scriptures in the source languages of Hebrew and Greek. In addition, the canon of Scripture was enlarged because the Vulgate contained additional books, called the Apocrypha, that the Protestants rejected as canonical Scripture.
The Council of Trent also reiterated the Church's sole authority to interpret the Scriptures. This reinforced the position of the Magisterum or the teaching office of the Church. The exclusive right of the Church to interpret Scripture was one of the positions that Luther had attacked in his tract An Address to the Christian Nobility of the German Nation. Luther taught that the doctrine of the priesthood of believer meant that the individual Christian possessed the ability to interpret the Scriptures accurately. Although the Church did not officially condemn vernacular translations of the Bible, this canon effectively accomplished the same result.
Trent upheld the validity of the seven sacraments. Again, this was the subject of another tract by Luther: The Babylonian Captivity of the Church. Luther demonstrated that only Baptism and the Eucharist were valid sacraments because the Lord Himself had ordained them. Now the Church officially denied what Luther had written nearly twenty-five years before. According to Trent, the Church was to be a sacramental church. The grace of God was to be distributed to its faithful members via the sacraments. This was a denial of the ministry of the Holy Spirit Who distributed grace in His own power. In addition, the doctors of Trent forbade "communion in both kinds," meaning that they only allowed the laity to partake of the bread, but not the cup. Luther had previously protested against the practice of withholding the cup from the laity, citing the words of the Lord Jesus in which he declared that believers were to partake of both the bread and the cup.
However, the severest condemnation of Protestant doctrine was reserved for the doctrine of justification by faith. If the doctrine of sola scriptura had been rejected by assigning authority to both the Scriptures and tradition, the doctrine of sola fide or by faith alone was decisively spurned by the canons of Trent respecting justification

The nature of justification was broadened to include moral renovation as well as the forgiveness of sins. The Reformers taught that justification was God's act of declaring the sinner righteous upon the imputation of Christ's righteousness. Justification was, therefore, a change of one's legal status before God. They used the phrase alien righteousness to stress that the righteousness that justifies an individual originated totally outside of the person. In contrast, Rome declared that justification, while including the forgiveness of sins, also included a change of moral nature. As a result, justification was defined as a process whereby a baptized individual co-operated with the infused righteousness of Christ more and more until they became morally renovated. The Church made justification dependent upon the sacrament of baptism and the person's co-operation with infused grace and not on faith alone.

The Reformers also taught the doctrine of solus Christus whereby it was Christ's righteousness alone that was imputed to the believer. The position adopted at the Council of Trent impugned the sole sufficiency of Christ to save a person from their sin and made salvation to be a cooperative effort of Christ and the person.
Attached to its dogmatic teachings concerning the doctrine of justification were a number of anathemas or damnations on those who held opposing positions. Without question, the Council's pronouncements on this vital doctrine (and whether it was an imputed or an infused righteousness that justifies the person) remain the major impediments to any reunion between the Protestants and Roman Catholics. While both parties would agree that righteousness is required for justification, the questions regarding its nature (Christ's righteousness alone or a combination of Christ's righteousness and the individidual's) and how one receives it (by faith alone or by the sacrament of baptism) have never been agreed upon by the two sides.
The Council also addressed some of the moral questions facing the Church by requiring that all Bishops reside in their territories. This effectively banned what were called pluralities whereby Church officials held more than one position or office. By having the Bishop reside in his own Bishopric, much of the resentment against absentee leaders would be alleviated.

None of this affected in a meaningful way, however, the power of the Pope. Charles V was greatly angered because Trent and its decrees accomplished nothing more than highlighting the differences between the Church and the Protestants. Fearing that Charles would use his military power to influence the decisions of the Council and due to the outbreak of the plague in Trent, the Council moved to Bologna in 1547. Paul III suspended the Council in 1548. He died the following year and Julius III ascended to the Papal Chair.

Answer 2

Catholics responded to the criticism of their church by protestants in the 1500s by forcing out of the colonies they had. This is off the top of my head so please do not depend on it a lot.

Answer 3

Inquisition,and torture,and mass burnings of the heretics.
St. Bartholamew`s day massacre,France,70,000,or more protesants slaughtered by the catholics,with the full support of the church and Catherine DeMedici,dowager queen of the country.

Answer 4

Ireland

Answer 5

They cleaned up some of the worst problems (e.g. the selling of indulgences) but in general they attacked the Protestants.

Answer 6

1804 HAITI, the previous Latin American colony, wins independence from France; Lewis and Clark day out; Napoleon crowns self Emperor of France 1853: U.S. naval fleet commanded with the help of MATTHEW PERRY sails into Tokyo Harbor, and seeks to open commerce with Japan, which had in the previous isolated themselves from westerners.

Answer 7

Quite badly overall. They're still not completely happy with it.

Answer 8

war

Answer 9

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counter-Reformation

Answer 10

holy wars and persecution.