Khyal (or Khayal: ख़्याल, خیال) is the modern genre of classical singing in North India; its name comes from an Arabic word meaning "imagination". It appeared more recently than dhrupad. Like all Indian classical music, khyal is modal, with a single melodic line and no harmonic parts. The modes are called raga, and each raga is a complicated framework of melodic rules.
Khyal bases itself on a repertoire of short songs (two to sixteen lines). The singer uses these as raw material for improvisation, accompanied by a set of two hand drums, the tabla, and usually a harmonium or bowed string instrument such as the sarangi, violin or dilruba playing off the singer's melody line. A typical khyal performance uses two songs, one slow (vilambit) and one fast (drut). The slow song, the bada khyal or great khyal, comprises most of the performance; the fast song (chhota khyal, small khyal) is a used as a finale. The songs may or may not be preceded by improvised alap without drum accompaniment; alap is given much less room in khyal than in other forms of classical music in north India.
As the songs are short, and performances long (half an hour or more), the lyrics lose much of their importance. Improvisation is added to the songs in a number of ways: for example improvising new melodies to the words, using the syllables of the songs to improvise material (bolbant, boltaans), singing the names of the scale degrees — sa, re, ga, ma, pa, da and ni (sargam) — or simply interspersing phrases sung on the vowel A, akar taans. Now and then, the singer returns to the song, especially its first line, as a point of reference.
2006-09-27 20:30:28
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answer #1
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answered by gotur6 2
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