The Council of the Catholic Church that met in northern Italy to decide how to deal with the grouping Protesta

Answer 1

--is Catholic--

XIX Ecumenical Council: COUNCIL OF TRENT
Years: 1545-1563
Summary: The Council of Trent lasted eighteen years (1545-1563) under five popes: Paul III, Julius III, Marcellus II, Paul IV and Pius IV, and under the Emperors Charles V and Ferdinand. There were present 5 cardinal legates of the Holy See, 3 patriarchs, 33 archbishops, 235 bishops, 7 abbots, 7 generals of monastic orders, and 160 doctors of divinity. It was convoked to examine and condemn the errors promulgated by Luther and other Reformers, and to reform the discipline of the Church. Of all councils it lasted longest, issued the largest number of dogmatic and reformatory decrees, and produced the most beneficial results.
Further Reading: www.newadvent.org/cathen/15030c.htm

You can read the full text of Trent here
history.hanover.edu/texts/trent.html

Answer 2

The Council of Trent!! This is the basis of the Counter-Reformation

Answer 3

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatican_ii

not sure of your question but maybe this could help