First of all you should know what is passport and the Visa.
PassPort
A passport is a travel document issued by a national government that usually identifies the bearer as a national of the issuing state and requests that the bearer be permitted to enter and pass through other countries.
Passports are connected with the right of legal protection abroad and the right to enter one's country of nationality. Passports usually contain the holder's photograph, signature, date of birth, nationality, and sometimes other means of individual identification. Many countries are in the process of developing biometric properties for their passports in order to further confirm that the person presenting the passport is the legitimate holder.
Types:
Most citizens are issued with ordinary passports for regular travel.
Diplomatic personnel are issued Diplomatic Passports which identify them as diplomatic representatives of their home country, or can be issued for any state employees who serve on long-term (resident) would not, and in other cases official passport holders may be granted visa-free entry, while normal passport holders are required to get a visa.
Alien's passports are documents issued by some countries to non-citizen residents. s replaced or renewed her or his regular passport.
A collective passport may be issued, for example, for a school trip. All children on the trip would be covered by the group passport for the duration of the trip.
A lookalike passport may be issued by countries with complex nationality laws. In the United Kingdom, as a result of its colonial heritage, and domestic constitution has developed different classes of citizenship. Some passports are simply travel documents which offer no right of abode, while others indicate full right of residence. Meanwhile, not all UK citizens are automatically European Union citizens, and are issued with passports which carry no EU endorsements.
Multiple passport regimes can operate in one country. The main example of this is China, where the One country, two systems model has resulted in Hong Kong and Macao having their own passports and immigration regulations. Numbers of countries and territories offering visa-free entries to these three type of passports vary.
Internal passports have been issued by some countries, as a means of controlling the movement of the population. Examples include the Soviet internal passport system and the hukou residency registration system used in the People's Republic of China.
VISA:
A visa (short for the Latin carta visa, lit. "the document having been seen") is a document issued by a country giving a certain individual permission to formally request entrance to the country during a given period of time and for certain purposes (see below for caveats and exceptions). Most countries require possession of a valid visa as a condition of entry for foreigners, though there exist exemption schemes (see passport for examples of such schemes). Visas are typically stamped or attached into the recipient's passport, or are sometimes issued as separate pieces of paper.
Visas are associated with the request for permission to enter (or exit) a country, and are thus, for some countries, distinct from actual formal permission for an alien to enter and remain in the country. While a visa for the European Schengen area constitutes the formal permission to enter, according to the conditions, in other cases a visa does not guarantee admission into the country for which the alien has the visa. This formal permission is typically granted by stamping the visa and, in some cases, by providing an additional document as proof of status, such as the United States' I-94. The common phrase "he has to leave because his visa has expired" is thus, strictly speaking, incorrect: the visitor's status has expired, the visa may or may not have.
Some countries, such as some states of the former Soviet Union, require that their citizens, and sometimes foreign travelers, obtain an exit visa in order to be allowed to leave the country. Until 2004, foreign students in Russia were issued only an entry visa on being accepted to University there, and had to obtain an exit visa to return home. This policy has since been changed, and foreign students are now issued multiple entry (and exit) visas. Citizens of the People's Republic of China who are residents of the mainland are required to apply for special permits in order to enter the Special Administrative Regions of Hong Kong and Macao (and SAR residents require a Home Return Permit to visit the mainland).
Types of visa
Common types of visas are:
transit visa, usually valid for 3 days or less, for passing through the country to a third destination.
tourist visa, for a limited period of leisure travel, no business activities allowed. Some countries (e.g., Kuwait) do not issue tourist visas. Saudi Arabia introduced tourist visas only in 2004 although it did (and still does) issue pilgrimage visas for Hajj pilgrims.
business visa, for engaging in commerce in the country. These visas generally preclude permanent employment, for which a work visa would be required.
temporary worker visa, for approved employment in the host country. These are generally more difficult to obtain but valid for longer periods of time than a business visa. Examples of these are the United States' E-3, H-1B and L-1 visas.
on-arrival visa, granted immediately prior to entering the country, eg. at an airport or border control post. This is distinct from not requiring a visa at all, as the visitor must still obtain the visa before they can even try to pass through immigration. The on-arrival visa usually is nothing more than an entrance fee, though the visitors can still be denied entry even with a visa.
Less common visas include:
student visa, which allows its holder to study at an institution of higher learning in the issuing country.
working holiday visa, for individuals traveling between nations offering a working holiday programme, allowing young people to undertake temporary work while traveling.
diplomatic visa, which confers diplomatic status on its holder and is normally only available to bearers of diplomatic passports.
journalist visa, which some countries require of people in that occupation when travelling for their respective news organizations. Countries which insist on this include Cuba, Iran, North Korea, Saudi Arabia, the United States (I-visa) and Zimbabwe.
fiancee visa, granted for a limited period prior to intended marriage based on a proven relationship with a citizen of the destination country: for example, a German woman who wishes to marry an American man would obtain a Fiancee Visa (also known as a K-1 visa) to allow her to enter the United States.
immigrant visa, granted for those intending to immigrate to the issuing country. They usually are issued for a single journey as the holder will, depending on the country, later be issued a permanent resident identification card which will allow the traveller to enter to the issuing country an unlimited number of times. (for example, the United States Permanent Resident Card)...
Entry and duration period:
Visa refusal
A visa may be denied for various reasons, for example (but not limited to):
if the applicant has committed fraud or misrepresentation in the requirements;
if the applicant is felt to be intending to stay permanently while applying for a temporary visa;
if the applicant does not have a legiminate reason for their journey;
if there is already an immigration problem in the country the applicant intends to visit;
if the applicant is asking for a resident visa and has no visible means of sustenance;
if the applicant has a criminal record;
if the applicant does not have a good moral character;
if the applicant is considered to be a security risk;
if the applicant is a citizen of a country with whom the host country has poor or non-existent relations (for example, United States of America rarely grants visas to North Korea citizens and vice versa).
United States visas:
Millions of foreign nationals visit the United States every year. Other foreign nationals come to live in the U.S. permanently. Although visitors are welcome, the U.S. Government needs to conduct checks in order to keep both foreign visitors and U.S. citizens safe. The U.S. Government believes in secure borders and an open door visitor policy for those individuals that are qualified to legally enter the country.
A foreign national wishing to enter the U.S. must obtain a visa if he or she is not a citizen of one of the twenty-seven Visa Waiver Program countries, or if he or she is not a citizen of Canada or Bermuda. There are two basic types of U.S. visas. They can be either a nonimmigrant visa for temporary stay, or an immigrant visa for permanent residence. There are separate requirements for Mexican visitors, which can be viewed here.
The most common nonimmigrant visa is the tourist visa also known as the "B-2 visa for temporary visitors for pleasure" . The immigrant visa is for permanent residents that legally live and work in the U.S. These subjects are issued a "United States Permanent Resident Card", also known as a "Green Card" (I-551).
Visas can also be single-entry, which means the visa is cancelled as soon as the holder leaves the country, double-entry, or multiple-entry, permitting multiple entries into the country with the same visa. Countries may also issue re-entry permits that allow temporarily leaving the country without invalidating the visa. Even a business visa will normally not allow the holder to work in the host country without an additional work permit.
Once issued, a visa will typically have to be used within a certain period of time.
The validity of a visa is not the same as the authorized period of stay in the issuing country. The visa validity usually indicates when the alien can apply for entry to the country. For example, if a visa has been issued January 1st and expires March 30th, and the typical authorized period of stay in a country is 90 days, then the 90-day authorized stay starts on the day the passenger reaches the country, which has to be between January 1st and March 30th. The traveller could therefore stay in the issuing country until July 1st.
Once in the country, the validity period of a visa or authorized stay can often be extended for a fee at the discretion of immigration authorities. Overstaying a period of authorized stay given by the immigration officers is considered illegal immigration even if the visa validity period isn't over (i.e. for multiple entry visas) and a form of being "out of status" and the offender may be fined, prosecuted, deported, or even blacklisted from entering the country again.
Entering a country without a valid visa or visa exemption may result in detention and removal (deportation or exclusion) from the country. Undertaking activities that are not authorized by the status of entry (for example, working while possessing a non-worker tourist status) can result in the individual being deemed removable, in common speech an illegal alien. Such violation is not a violation of a visa, however despite the common misuse of the phrase, but a violation of status hence the term "out of status."
Even having a visa does not guarantee entry to the host country. The border crossing authorities make the final determination to allow entry, and may even cancel a visa at the border if the alien cannot demonstrate to their satisfaction that they will abide by the status their visa grants them.
Visa and immigration laws may be very different among countries. As such, aliens are advised to check with immigration lawyers for visa and immigration laws governing the countries they wish to enter and eligibility to receive visas or other immigration benefits.
Qualifying for a United States visa:
Applicants for visitor visas must show that they qualify under provisions of the Immigration and Nationality Act. The presumption in the law is that every visitor visa applicant is an intending immigrant. Therefore, applicants for visitor visas must overcome this presumption by demonstrating that:
The purpose of their trip is to enter the U.S. for business, pleasure, or medical treatment;
They plan to remain for a specific, limited period; and
They have a residence outside the U.S. as well as other binding ties which will ensure their return abroad at the end of the visit.
All tourist visa applicants must pay a $100 interview fee to a US Consulate in order to be interviewed by a Consulate officer who will determine if the applicant is qualified to receive a visa to travel to the U.S. If the applicant is rejected, the $100 fee is not refunded. Amongst the items included in the qualification decision are financial independence, adequate employment, material assets and a lack of a criminal record in the applicant's native country.
The immigration visa process is even more stringent and costly. After all processing fees have been paid, most immigration visa applicants pay well over $1,000 to become permanent residents in the United States and are forced to wait several years before actually emigrating to the U.S.
The extensive wait period is due primarily to the abundance of illegal immigrants that illegally reside and work in the U.S. Most illegal immigrants in the U.S. bypass the entire immigration process and illegally reside and work in the U.S. Those individuals that arrive in the U.S. with only a tourist visa become illegal when they obtain employment in the U.S. Other individuals become illegal upon illegally crossing the border, entering into the U.S. and subsequently obtaining illegal employment thereafter. Both practices defeat the U.S. Immigration process. The end result is that the illegal immigrant benefits at the expense of the law-abiding, foreign national visa applicant who is punished by continuing to live and work in his or her native country, waiting for their opportunity to do what the illegal immigrant already has done.
2006-09-30 04:00:05
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answer #6
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answered by mswathi1025 4
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