how does latitudes influence the distribution of climates in canada?

Answer 1

The latitudes don't influence anything. They exist as reference lines on the globe of earth.

However, the farther north one travels the colder it becomes due to there being less direct solar warming. The angles at which the sunlight hits the earth decreases as one goes north which means it is warmed less by the sun farther north. That and the amount of surrounding water and mountains influences the climate -- not the latitude.

Answer 2

The climates are warmer to the south and west. The hottest climates are in the southern interior of British Columbia; the weather gets colder as you progress north and east.

The climate of northern Quebec is as harsh as the northern Yukon, although it is much further south.

Answer 3

Northern latitudes: really, really cold.
Middle latitudes: really cold.
Southern latitudes: just cold.