Ural-Altaic=A hypothetical language group that comprises the Uralic and Altaic language families. Also called Turanian.
Uralic and Altaic languages, two groups of related languages thought by many scholars to form a single Ural-Altaic linguistic family. However, other authorities hold that the Uralic and Altaic groups constitute two unconnected and separate language families.
There is no Ural-Altaic RACE, but a regional language group.
The Uralic languages family tree has three main groups, Finno-Permic, Ugric, and Samoyedic languages, and a relationship to Yukaghir languages has been proposed.
The Finno-Permic languages are Komi, Komi-Permyak, Udmurt, Mari, Erzya, Moksha, Southern Sami, Ume Sami, Lule Sami, Pite Sami, Northern Sami, Inari Sami, Kildin Sami, Skolt Sami, Ter Sami, Estonian, Finnish (including Meänkieli or Tornedalian Finnish, Kven Finnish, and Ingrian Finnish), Ingrian (Izhorian), Karelian, Lude, Olonets Karelian, Livonian, Veps, Võro, and Votic.
The Ugric languages are Hungarian, Khanty, and Mansi
The Samoyedic languages are subdivided into northern and southern, including Enets, Nenets or Yurak, Nganasan or Tavgy/Tawgi, and Yurats (all Northern); Kamassian or Kamas and Selkup (both Southern).
The two Yukaghir languages are called Northern Yukaghir and Southern Yukaghir.
The language families classed as Altaic always include the Turkic languages, Mongolic languages, Tungusic languages, usually include Korean, and commonly include the Japonic languages.
The Turkic languages include Chuvash, Turkish, Azeri, Turkmen, Crimean Tatar, Urum, Qashqai, Khorasani, Salar, Gagauz, Khalaj, Tatar, Bashkir, Baraba, Urum, Karachay-Balkar, Kumyk, Karaim, Krymchak, Kazakh, Karakalpak, Nogay, Uzbek, Uyghur, Lop, Kyrgyz, Altay,Yakut ,Tuvan, Khakas, Shor, Fuyü Gïrgïs, Chulym, Tofa, Dolgan, Western Yugur, and Northern Altay.
The Mongolic languages include Khalkha (Halh) Mongolian, Urdus, Oirat (Kalmyk), Darkhat, Buryat, Khamnigan Mongol, Dagur or Daur, Monguor, Kangjia, Bonan, Dongxiang, Eastern Yugur (Shira Yugur), and Moghol.
The Tungusic languages include Evenki, Even or Lamut, Oroqen, Negidal, Solon, Manegir, Nanai, Akani, Birar, Kile, Samagir, Orok, Ulch, Oroch, Udege, Manchu, and Sibe
The Japonic languages are Japanese, Amami, Okinawan, Miyako, Yaeyama, and Yonaguni
Korean is a language isolate.
2006-09-23 00:46:01
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answer #1
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answered by Patricia Lidia 3
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The Ural-Altaic language family (also Uralo-Altaic) is a hypothetical grouping of the Uralic and Altaic language families into one field. The word Turanian has also been used to describe the Ural-Altaic field. The term is from the Persian word for places beyond the Oxus, Turān.
The Ural-Altaic grouping is highly speculative, as it has not been proven to the satisfaction of most linguists that there is any genetic relationship between the two language families, and even the existence of the Altaic group as one family is today questioned. This could be for lack of analytic opportunity, however. On the other hand, particularly the southern and central Uralic languages have been in extensive contact with Turkic languages, which introduces a risk of interpreting exchange arising from contact as a genetic relationship.
There are also political motivations that have been unscientifically used to support or oppose this hypothesis. The Hungarians would welcome a linguistic relationship to Turkic languages, as the people itself has much Turkic ancestry. The Swedes had a political motivation to present the Finns and the Sami as "Asian", or "inferior race". Phrenology, physiognomy and other pseudosciences were used to support the theory. A linguistic connection was integral in demonstrating an Asian ancestry. Indeed, the original 19th century form of the Ural-Altaic theory is an example of pathological science, crafted for a political purpose. Particularly important proponents of the politically motivated idea of "Finnic race" were Herman Lundborg and Gustav von Düben. Their work was based on craniometry: by finding "childlike" or retarded features in the skulls of Uralic-speaking peoples, they reached the conclusion that Uralic speakers are racially Mongolian, and recommended policies of colonization, eugenics and racial hygiene. [1] This was supported by the Swedish government: the government funded the Institute of Race Biology, where Lundborg produced his research. The Swedish eugenics movement was an important precursor to the Nazis. The Ural-Altaic theory was the consensus in the 19th century but is no longer widely accepted.
While DNA studies have shown despite the geographic isolation of the Finnish and Sami peoples that they are unambiguously related to other Europeans, the field of genetic science is far too often confused with the topic of language origins, often for the purpose of creating sensationalist rhetoric for both sides of the debate. It remains a fact that the direction of language spread and the direction of population spread do not necessarily correlate. Quite naturally, our mother tongue cannot be expressed in our genes but purely a matter of non-genetic, social factors. The existence of a Ural-Altaic stock must in the end be determined by linguistic means alone.
I HOPE I ANSWERED UR QUESTIONS.thank you
2006-09-22 20:15:41
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answer #3
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answered by kishen 2
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