What does BYZANTINE actually mean?

Question

A true definition please and examples.

Answer 1

Byzantium was an ancient Greek city-state, which according to legend was founded by Greek colonists from Megara in 667 BC and named after their king Byzas or Byzantas (Βύζας or Βύζαντας in Greek). The name "Byzantium" is a Latinization of the original Greek name Byzantion (Βυζάντιον).

Answer 2

Ellie has got the definition right. To most people today it means overly complicated and bureaucratic. This meaning comes from the overly complicated bureaucracy that was common in the Byzantine empire. By the way, the Byzantine empire was the remaining eastern remnant of the Roman empire after the fall of Rome.

Answer 3

Deep Thought has a very good answer, but a little more explanation why as an adjective it means convoluted.

The palace of the Eastern Emperor was built with all sorts of winding and switch-back hallways and passages, so when someone came to see the Emperor he literally had to walk in circles for about half an hour before he reached his destination. When he arrived, the visitor would be tired, disoriented, and hopefully confused or awe-struck. This was done purposefully, because as the Empire continued in decline, the Emperor needed to be seen as being more powerful than he actually was, and by confusing barbarian chieftains into lopsided agreements was one way of gaining short-term allies.

Answer 4

Byzatine means having to do with Byzantion (more commonly Byzantium), the ancient Greek city-state that became the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire. In 330 AD, Roman emperor Gaius Flavius Valerius Aurelius Constantinus (Constantine the Great) establish his eastern capital at Byzation, which he renamed Nova Roma. Nova Roma was renamed Constantinoupolis (more commonly Constantinople) after the death of Constatine in 337 AD. In 1930 AD, Constantinoupolis was officially renamed Istanbul.

When capitalized, Byzatine means related to the Eastern Roman Empire, the Byzatine Empire, or the Greek Orthodox Church. When written in lower case, byzatine usually means intricate or convoluted. This meaning probably comes from a comparison of the more complex artistic style of the Eastern Roman Empire as compared to the simpler preferences of the Western Roman Empire.

Answer 5

Byzantine comes from the name of the town Byzantium, renamed after Emperor Constantine to Constantinople and now called Istanbul.

Answer 6

1.
a. Of or relating to the ancient city of Byzantium.
b. Of or relating to the Byzantine Empire.
2. Of or belonging to the style of architecture developed from the fifth century a.d. in the Byzantine Empire, characterized especially by a central dome resting on a cube formed by four round arches and their pendentives and by the extensive use of surface decoration, especially veined marble panels, low relief carving, and colored glass mosaics.
3. Of the painting and decorative style developed in the Byzantine Empire, characterized by formality of design, frontal stylized presentation of figures, rich use of color, especially gold, and generally religious subject matter.
4.
a. Of the Eastern Orthodox Church or the rites performed in it.
b. Of a Uniat church that maintains the worship of the Eastern Orthodox Church or the rites performed in it.
5. often byzantine
a. Of, relating to, or characterized by intrigue; scheming or devious: "a fine hand for Byzantine deals and cozy arrangements" New York.
b. Highly complicated; intricate and involved: a bill to simplify the byzantine tax structure.
n.
A native or inhabitant of Byzantium or the Byzantine Empire.

So it actually means something related to the Byzantine Empire.

Ellie

Answer 7

A note:

the Eastern Roman Empire never called itself Byzantine. That is something later historians did to distinguish it from the Western Roman Empire. They always considered themselves to be the Roman Empire.

Answer 8

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Answer 9

The Byzantines took their name from Byzantium, an ancient city on the Bosphorus, the strategic waterway linking the Black Sea to the Aegean Sea. The Roman Emperor Constantine had renamed this city Constantinople in the fourth century and made it a sister capital of his empire. This eastern partition of the Roman Empire outlived its western counterpart by a thousand years, defending Europe against invasions from the east by Persians, Arabs, and Turks. The Byzantines persevered because Constantinople was well defended by walls and the city could be supplied by sea. At their zenith in the sixth century, the Byzantines covered much of the territories of the original Roman Empire, lacking only the Iberian Peninsula (modern Spain and Portugal), Gaul (modern France), and Britain. The Byzantines also held Syria, Egypt, and Palestine, but by the middle of the seventh century they had lost them to the Arabs. From then on their empire consisted mainly of the Balkans and modern Turkey.

The first great Byzantine emperor was Justinian I (482 to 565). His ambition was to restore the old Roman Empire and he nearly succeeded. His instrument was the greatest general of the age, Belisarius, who crisscrossed the empire defeating Persians to the East, Vandals in North Africa, Ostrogoths in Italy, and Bulgars and Slavs in the Balkans. In addition to military campaigns, Justinian laid the foundation for the future by establishing a strong legal and administrative system and by defending the Christian Church.

The Byzantine economy was the richest in Europe for many centuries because Constantinople was ideally sited on trade routes between Asia, Europe, the Black Sea, and the Aegean Sea. It was an important destination point for the Silk Road from China. The nomisma, the principal Byzantine gold coin, was the standard for money throughout the Mediterranean for 800 years. Constantinople's strategic position eventually attracted the envy and animosity of the Italian city-states.

A key strength of the Byzantine Empire was its generally superior army that drew on the best elements of the Roman, Greek, Gothic, and Middle Eastern experience in war. The core of the army was a shock force of heavy cavalry supported by both light infantry (archers) and heavy infantry (armored swordsmen). The army was organized into units and drilled in tactics and maneuvers. Officers received an education in military history and theory. Although outnumbered usually by masses of untrained warriors, it prevailed thanks to intelligent tactics and good discipline. The army was backed by a network of spies and secret agents that provided information about enemy plans and could be used to bribe or otherwise deflect aggressors.

The Byzantine navy kept the sea-lanes open for trade and kept supply lines free so the city could not be starved into submission when besieged. In the eighth century, a land and sea attack by Arabs was defeated largely by a secret weapon, Greek fire. This chemical weapon, its composition now unknown, was a sort of liquid napalm that could be sprayed from a hose. The Arab navy was devastated at sea by Greek fire.

In the seventh and eighth centuries, the Arabs overran Egypt, the Middle East, North Africa, and Spain, removing these areas permanently from Byzantine control. A Turkish victory at Manzikert in 1071 led to the devastation of Asia Minor, the empire's most important source of grain, cattle, horses, and soldiers. In 1204 Crusaders led by the Doge of Venice used treachery to sack and occupy Constantinople.

In the fourteenth century, the Turks invaded Europe, capturing Adrianople and bypassing Constantinople. They settled the Balkans in large numbers and defeated a large crusader army at Nicopolis in 1396. In May 1453, Turkish sultan Mehmet II captured a weakly defended Constantinople with the aid of heavy cannon. The fall of the city brought the Byzantine Empire to an end.

Answer 10

Pertaining to Byzantium - the eastern mediterranean empire based on Constantinople