The Sikh homeland is the Punjab, in India, where today Sikhs make up approximately 61% of the population. This is the only place where Sikhs are in the majority. Sikhs have emigrated to countries all over the world - especially to English-speaking and East Asian nations. In doing so they have retained, to an unusually high degree, their distinctive cultural and religious identity. They can be found in many international cities and have become an especially strong religious presence in the United Kingdom and Canada.
Sikhs believe in one immortal being and they follow the teachings of the Ten Gurus from Guru Nanak Sahib to Guru Bobind Singh Sahib. Their holy book is the Guru Granth Sahib and they undergo baptism bequeathed by the tenth Guru. Too much info to include here, but visit the site below for more.
2006-09-20 22:38:28
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answer #1
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answered by uknative 6
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Definition
The SGPC defines a Sikh in the Rehat Maryada as a person who believes in:
One God
Ten Gurus, from Guru Nanak to Guru Gobind Singh
The Guru Granth Sahib
The utterances and teachings of the ten Gurus
The baptism bequeathed by the tenth Guru (however, a Sikh does not need to be baptised to be a Sikh)
Such a person is defined as a Sikh as long as said person does not owe allegiance to any other religion.
Some Sikh sects that do not subscribe to the SGPC's Rehat Maryada may have differing definitions of a Sikh. However, generally speaking, these prerequisites hold.
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Distribution
A Sikh man at the Harimandir Sāhib.
Worldwide, Sikhs number approximately 23 million, but more than 60 percent of Sikhs live in the Indian state of Punjab, where they form close to 66% of the population. Large communities of Sikhs live in the neighbouring states of Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Uttaranchal, and the cities of Delhi and Mumbai. However Sikhs compose approximately only 1.9% of the Indian population. Migration beginning from the nineteenth century have found significant communities in Canada, the United Kingdom, the Middle East, East Africa, Southeast Asia and more recently, the United States, Western Europe, Australia and New Zealand.Sikhs
Total population23 million
Regions with significant populations • India
• New Zealand
• Britain
• Canada
• USA
• Australia
• Pakistan
• Middle East
• East Africa
• ASEAN
LanguagePunjabi
ReligionSikhism
Related ethnic groups• other Punjabi people
Despite their comparatively small population, Sikhs are highly represented in various sectors of Indian life. They compose a significant segment of India's military services and are significant participants in sports such as field hockey, cricket and politics. Sikh political leaders of the past and present include Master Tara Singh, Sardul Singh Caveeshar, Baldev Singh, former president of India Zail Singh and present prime minister of India Manmohan Singh; in addition the first Indian American, or Asian American for that matter, elected to the United States Congress was Dalip Singh Saund, who had campaigned for the Indian American right to U.S. citizenship in the 1950s. Sikh intellectuals, sportsmen and artists such as Khushwant Singh, Monty Panesar, Jaspal Bhatti, Milkha Singh (nicknamed The Flying Sikh), Bishen Singh Bedi, Navjot Singh Sidhu and Harbhajan Singh are an integral part of popular culture. Sikh communities also enjoy comparatively greater economic prosperity - the state of Punjab is known as India's breadbasket, owing to its significant production of food crops, and one of the most industrialized economies in the nation. In India and across the world, Sikhs are an important mercantile class, as well as employed in skilled professions. This is primarily owed to a close-knit community structure, progressive farming techniques and a cultural emphasis on education.
Sikhs enjoy representation in India's civil services.[1] Relations with Hindu communities have generally been amicable and friendly, although recent years have seen antagonism between the two, particularly in the 1980s. In recent years, the number of younger Sikhs who are not well-versed with religious scriptures and long-held traditions, and do not observe many religious injunctions has increased in some communities in Western Europe and North America.[2]
The Five Ks, or panj kakaar/kakke, are five items of faith that baptised Khalsa Sikhs wear at all times at the command of the tenth Sikh Guru, Guru Gobind Singh who so ordered at the Baisakhi Amrit Sanchar in 1699. The Five Ks are not merely symbols but articles of faith which collectively form the external visible symbols to identify and clearly and outwardly advertise and display ones commitment and dedication to the order (Hukam) of the tenth master. Guru Gobind Singh ordered his followers to wear the Five Ks so that they could actively use them to make a difference to their own and to others' spirituality. However, Sikhism recognises the concept of a multi-level approach to achieving one's target as a disciple of the faith as well. For example, "Sahajdhari" (slow adopters) are those Sikhs who have not yet donned the full Five Ks.
The surname or middle name Singh (meaning Lion) is given to males when they become a Sikh. Similarly, Kaur (meaning Princess) is given to women. Of course, not all people named Singh or Kaur are necessarily Sikhs. The name Singh is closely linked to the martial antiquities of North India dating back to at least the Eighth Century CE. Sikh forenames are unisexual; the "Singh" and "Kaur" monikers are hence useful in clarifying the person's sex. Additionaly, giving the last name Kaur to a woman is meant to empower her: no longer does she take her husband's last name when married. Changing of the last name to Singh (for males) or Kaur (for females) was also decreed by the Gurus so as to eliminate discrimination based on one's family name. By casting off one's family name, every Sikh acknowledges that all humans are equal; that no one shall be treated differently just because of the family name. However, most Sikhs retain their original surnames and use "Singh" and "Kaur" as a middle name instead.
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Castes and tribes
Despite its emphasis on equality and brotherhood (and the Sikh Guru's explicit condemnation of the caste system), socio-economic divisions have developed between Sikhs of the urban mercantile "castes" such as Rajput, Khatri, Arora and Bhatia Sikhs. Ramgharia, Jat, Gujjar, Tarkhan, Kamboj, Saini, Kalal, Labana are other Sikh castes or communities. There are also Sikhs of Brahmin (mostly Mohyal) and Dalit extraction/ancestry. The majority of Sikhism is composed of Jats. This re-emergence of the caste system is strictly forbidden in Sikhism, as all men and women are equal.
There has also emerged a specialized group of Sikhs calling themselves Akalis and there are Prasadis, which have existed for some time but have recently become more vocal.
2006-09-20 22:29:55
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answer #8
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answered by Hulk 2
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