Some Questions About The Roman Republic & Beyond?

Question

“How did making the army an army of professionals rather than an army of citizens help lead to the fall of the republic?”

“How did the Barbarians influence the Roman Empire?”

"Why did Constantine move the capital?"

Paraphrase the following, and create an analogy or example for clarity: “You
have power over your mind - not outside events. Realize this, and you will find
strength.” (Marcus Aurelius)

I WILL Best answer!!!

Answer 1

1.) When Gaius Marius started reforming the army to make them more professional, one of the reforms was to give a veteran land to own after 25 years of service. Generals would ensure the loyalty of their troops by trying to get the best land, or an increase in the allotment for their troops - thereby making the troops more loyal to the General than to the Republic.

2.) After various military disasters that wiped out entire legions, it became harder and harder to get Roman citizens to sign up and become legionaries. The Roman army was organized so that the citizens were legionaries, and non-citizens were formed into auxilia (later foederati). As the number of legionaries decreased, Rome was forced to use more barbarians in the army - whose loyalty was not even to their general first.

Additionally, the migration of Barbarians into Europe kept pressuring the Empire to deal with them. They often could not afford to keep fighting huge battles, nor was it easy to find places to settle them. Worse, the barbarian tribes were not loyal to Rome, and often revolted when treated poorly, or joined Rome's enemies whenever an invasion occurred.

3.) Constantine was the Emperor over the East, and Licenius was Emperor over the west. When Licenius broke the Edict of Milan (an edict promising religious freedom), Constantine crushed him at several battles and regained control of the entire Empire. However, he left the capitol in the East. Legends say that Constantine was guided there by a divine vision.