Which of these have matter, which do not, why?

Question

heat
sunshine
helium gas
laser beam

Answer 1

heat = pure infrared energy, not physical matter, conveyed by photons which are quantum particles/waves

sunshine = pure broad spectrum energy, again conveyed by photons

helium gas = pure matter, diffuse molecules of two protons and two neutrons with two electrons in the orbital shell (s1,s2 layers)

laser beam = pure energy, phased photons in 'lock-step'

Answer 2

Helium obviously has matter, since it is one of the naturally occurring elements (and has an atomic weight).

Sunshine and laser beam are both forms of light which is defined as having both properties of waves and particles. ( wave-particle duality). Therefore all particles do consist of matter.

Heat is a measurement and not an object per se. You measure how much heat something has such as the temperature of the air or of a flame. Heat is generated through movement of particles, but is not particulate in of itself.

Therefore heat does not have matter.

Answer 3

Helium gas is a form of matter.

The others are all forms of energy.