how do you construct a dug well?

Answer 1

With a lot of work. I assume you talking Hand Dug? I have never done this, but, have been told ways of doing it. The main thing is not to let it cave in on you. The best way I have been told is to use Concrete Culverts. Get the Hole started, maybe 2-3 feet deep, may be able to go more with this first. Then stand the Culvert in the hole and as you dig down the Culvert slides into your hole. In time you add another Culvert. I not sure which is the best direction, as the Culverts have Lips on them. That may not matter. Also a Garden Hose with a sprayer for pressure may help to loosen dirt for the First Culvert to keep working down. Then as you get deeper you may start having water seep in, so, you may need a way to keep this water minimal. This is a large hole, I would use at least a 3-4 foot culvert to be able to work, maybe more. This all I know.
The modern method uses either a Hammer Drill or a Regular Drill. As they either Drill down or Hammer Down. Water pressure is forced in to push the Dirt and Rock out on top of the ground. Usually a PVC pipe is hammered into the hole 10-20 feet depending on the soil to prevent cave in, from there down is usually rock and holds itself without a liner. This like an 8 inch hole.

Answer 2

You start digging, and shore up the hole with wood bracing as you go, then lay brick up in a Circle, - good luck,

If you want water, drive a well, its much easier and cheaper, and they don't drive in PVC, they drill the hole, and drop in the PVC, then drop inside that a Submersible Pump,