In the United States, suburban growth in the Sunbelt states has also coincided with the growth of such Master Planned Communities within already established suburban cities. Texas was very much at the forefront of this trend, where master-planned communities gained much popularity. Dallas-area community Las Colinas, in the city of Irving, was one of the first such examples of a master-planned community "city-within-a-city." First developed in 1973, Las Colinas is a 12,000-acre master planned community located within the city of Irving, and it is still growing. In 2006, residents approved changes to various deed restictions to allow even more dense, urban mixed-use and residential construction.
The era of the modern planned city began in 1963 with the creation of Reston in western Fairfax County, Virginia, which was begun just a year before Columbia in Howard County, Maryland. In more recent years, New Urbanism has set the stage for new cities, with places like the idyllic Seaside, Florida, and Disney's new town of Celebration, Florida. In recent years, new towns such as Mountain House, California, have added a new wrinkle to the movement: to prevent conurbation with nearby cities, they have imposed strict growth boundaries, as well as automatic "circuit breakers" that place moratoriums on residential development if the number of jobs per resident in the town falls below a certain value. (The proposed new town of Centennial, on the Tejon Ranch halfway between Los Angeles and Bakersfield, will incorporate such restrictions in order to minimize the commuter load on severely congested I-5). With energy prices steadily increasing and anti-sprawl sentiments gaining currency, it is likely that most future new towns will be along "smart growth" and New Urbanist lines.
History
Las Colinas was founded in 1972 by cattle ranching millionaire Ben H. Carpenter. His vision of a secure, aesthetically-pleasing business and living center was realised after much private and public expenditure. He envisioned that Irving's sprawling Las Colinas community would be full of futuristic skyscrapers that rivaled downtown Dallas. It was one of the first master-planned developments in the United States and once the largest mixed-use development in the Southwest with a land area of more than 12,000 acres (49 km²).
This mammoth real estate project started out as a cattle ranch owned by Dallas businessman Ben H. Carpenter and his family. Called El Ranchito de Las Colinas—the Little Ranch of the Hills—the river-bottom farmland was a weekend getaway for the Carpenter family, which owned one of the state's largest insurance companies. With construction of Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport almost at their doorstep, the Carpenters decided the family farm was better suited for business than bovines. Some of the country's top urban planners were consulted to lay out an entire town – an unprecedented undertaking that predated later projects in Plano, Allen and other suburbs. The Carpenters carved the prairie into office parks and hotel sites and built miles of roads, artificial lakes and country clubs. During the early years, commuters on State Highway 114 saw a surreal landscape of excavation and paving. During the 1980s building boom, Las Colinas became the favored location of relocating companies and office developers, attracted some of the world's most respected corporations -- including the global headquarters of four Fortune 500 companies and offices of more than 30 others, such as Exxon Mobil Corporation, GTE Telephone (now Verizon), Kimberly Clark and Associates Corp. In 1985, the first sign of financial trouble appeared at Las Colinas due to a real estate market crash [1].{ Carpenter was evicted from Las Colinas after a lengthy legal battle.
Las Colinas made something of a comeback. Another 6.5 million square feet (600,000 m²) of office space were built in the most recent late 1990s boom.
Las Colinas today
Today, Las Colinas is a prestigious location for business and personal addresses. It remains a planned community home to many corporations despite an increasing problem of debt. However, the area continues to thrive, with golf and country clubs and a movie studio, the "Studios at Las Colinas".
With 22.3 million sq ft office space, Las Colinas is currently home to more than 2,000 companies include Fortune 500 global headquarters for Commercial Metals, ExxonMobil, Fluor and Kimberly-Clark. Other Las Colinas companies include AAA-Texas, AT&T, Citigroup, General Motors, Microsoft, NEC America, Nokia, Oracle, Verizon, Zales, and Flowserve.
Las Colinas also features three private country clubs and four championship golf courses surrounded by gated prestigious communities. The Four Seasons resort and country club at McArthur Blvd is the only AAA Five-Diamond resort in Texas. The TPC Four Seasons Las Colinas Resort has hosted the EDS Byron Nelson Championship of PGA tour since it opened in 1986. It features tree-lined fairways, large and undulating greens and is further complicated by a number of creeks and ponds, making it difficult to overpower.
It also contains high-rise office towers, retail centers, upscale residences and apartment complexes, and leisure facilities. Notable attractions include the larger-than-life Mustangs at Las Colinas sculpture and fountain with nine mustangs appear to be splashing through a stream of water; Las Colinas Flower Clock with flowers that are planted eight times a year for picture-perfect color. The complex also feature River Walk-styled canal with electric gondolas, as well as the above-ground Las Colinas APT System. Las Colinas has over 22.3 million square feet (1,860,000 m²) of office space, 1.3 million square feet (120,000 m²) retail and 3,400 single-family homes. The community is served by a 5.5 mile long (9 km) monorail system called the Las Colinas APT System, which will soon be connected with the DART light rail expansion.
The Las Colinas area is served by Irving Independent School District and Carrollton-Farmers Branch Independent School District.
The development of Las Colinas was announced on September 14, 1973, as a joint venture of Southland Financial Corporation (represented by corporate president Ben H. Carpenter and chairman Dan C. Williams) and its subsidiary, the Las Colinas Corporation (represented by chairman Wayne Hurd and president Ernest O. Perry). At the date of the announcement the Las Colinas Country Club had already been completed and two residential areas were under construction. University Hills Village was next to the country club, and Northgate Village was at the southern end of the community. Additional acreage had already been donated for the University of Dallas and for a park on the nearby Elm Fork of the Trinity River. The Dallas County Community College system had also secured a section of land in the community for North Lake College. Construction on the infrastructure began along State Highway 114 (the John W. Carpenter Freeway), and Allstate Insurance Company, the first corporation to settle in Las Colinas, bought a section of land in the site for its new regional office building. In the next two years Las Colinas developed slowly because of a poor economy, but by 1975, 627 acres had been fully developed and two business parks had also been completed.
In 1976 the Associates Corporation of North America moved its national headquarters to Las Colinas, and American Honda Corporation moved its regional headquarters there. Around 1977 the Las Colinas National Bank was chartered, and the world headquarters of Sunmark Exploration Company was established there. In 1978 the national headquarters of the Boy Scouts of America was moved to Las Colinas; both General Telephone and Electronics Corporation and General Motors Corporation established new headquarters in the community. Warehouse and distribution space was established at Las Colinas for Pioneer Electronics, Panasonic Company, and Super Valu stores. By April 1978, 831 apartments had been completed and 417 were under construction, and 1,807 homes had been completed and eighty-two were under construction. The number of corporations in Las Colinas had reached 100 by 1979. By 1980 raw land sales at Las Colinas totaled some $30 million, and the community itself had expanded to 12,000 acres. That year Las Colinas was estimated to have 2,000 single-family homes and some 9,000 residents living in apartments. Some 12,000 daily workers were employed in businesses in the community. The world headquarters of the Zale Jewelry Corporationqv was in Las Colinas, and Levi Strauss and Company had a site there for its data-processing center and regional office. Construction began on a number of buildings, including the twenty-seven story Mandalay Four Seasons Hotel, a manufacturing plant for Boeing Aerospace, the corporate headquarters for the J. A. Majors Company, the North American headquarters for Scor Reinsurance Company, and the corporate headquarters for the industrial chemicals and plastics division of the Diamond Shamrock Corporation.
2006-09-18 15:27:18
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answer #6
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answered by The Answer Man 5
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