Genes produce instructions only for?

Answer 1

There isn't a solid answer for this question, really.

Most DNA in, say, a person, doesn't code for anything. It is analogous to the 'blank' space on a hard disk that is actually filled with a bunch of junk pieces of old programs. So in a very real sense these segments (called introns) produce instructions for NOTHING. Of course, some people would say that because they're not coding for anything, they're not really genes.

Some of the tools that DNA uses to replicate itself and produce proteins are made up of sections of RNA. All tRNA, for example, is coded for on a section of DNA and then folds up into special patterns that help produce large-scale proteins. RNA is NOT a protein, so these sections of DNA arguably contain instructions only for the purpose of producing RNA and nothing else.

And of course most of what's left could be said to be a code that is translated into the amino acids that make up the many, many proteins that can be found in and around cells. So that portion of the DNA has instructions for amino acid sequences.

Even within a protein-coding gene (and RNA-coding ones) there are sections of DNA that have entirely different purposes such as providing a site for other proteins to attach and start or stop transcription, control their rates, or for alternate sequences used at different times, and so on.

So the simplest answer, I suppose, is that 'genes that provide instructions result in the conditional construction of RNA or protein sequences'. Hope that helps! (DNA is complex and fascinating stuff!)

Answer 2

making proteins

Answer 3

Protein synthesis? I dunno, your question is unclear.