what did the Federalists believe in?

Answer 1

The Federalists were looser constructionists of the Constitution than the Democratic-Republicans were. They were less literal in their interpretation of the Constitution, and were big on the concept of "implied poweres"--in other words, if the Constitution didn't specifically say something for or against a thing, it was open to debate. They also favored a strong central government.

The Democratic-Republicans, on the other hand, took a more "literalist" approach to the Constitution--if it wasn't specifically spelled out, either for or against, then it was not something you could aply interpretation to; you either legislated it or left it alone. They also felt that a relatively weak central government was the way to go.