what is short circuit?

Question

science

Answer 1

Short circuit

An abnormal condition (including an arc) of relatively low impedance, whether made accidentally or intentionally, between two points of different potential in an electric network or system. See also Circuit (electricity); Electrical impedance.

Common usage of the term implies an undesirable condition arising from failure of electrical insulation, from natural causes (lightning, wind, and so forth), or from human causes (accidents, intrusion, and so forth). From an analytical viewpoint, however, short circuits represent a severe condition that the circuit designer must consider in designing an electric system that must withstand all possible operating conditions. See also Electric protective devices; Electrical insulation; Lightning and surge protection.

In circuit theory the short-circuit condition represents a basic condition that is used analytically to derive important information concerning the network behavior and operating capability. Thus, along with the open-circuit voltage, the short-circuit current provides important basic information about the network at a given point.

The short-circuit condition is also used in network theory to describe a general condition of zero voltage. Thus the term short-circuit admittance (or impedance) is used to describe a network condition in which certain terminals have had their voltage reduced to zero, for the purpose of analysis. This leads to the terms short-circuit driving point admittance, short-circuit transfer admittance, and similar references to the zero voltage condition. See also Admittance.

Short-circuit protection is a separate discipline dedicated to the study, analysis, application, and design of protective apparatus that are intended to minimize the effect of unintentional short circuits in power supply systems. For these analyses the short circuit is an important limiting (worst) case, and is used to compute the coordination of fuses, circuit reclosers, circuit breakers, and other devices designed to recognize and isolate short circuits. The short circuit is also an important parameter in the specification of these protective devices, which must have adequate capability for interrupting the high short-circuit current. See also Circuit breaker; Fuse (electricity).

Short circuits are also important on high-frequency transmission lines where shorted stub lines, one-quarter wavelength long and shorted at the remote end, are used to design matching sections of the transmission lines which also act as tuning elements.

Answer 2

Picture a car battery with a wire going from the + post to a switch, a fuse and then to a lifebulb then back to the battery - post. Close the switch and the electricity goes though it, the fuse, the bulb (lighting it) and back to the - post on the battery. In an automobile the cable from the negative post on the battery is bolted to the metal framework (chassis) of the car. Thus the chassis is the same as the negative post. Thus in the circuit above the wire after the lightbulb doesn't have to physically go back to the negative post. It goes to the car's metal framework which is connected to the negative post on the battery. Suppose between the fuse and the lightbulb the insulation on the wire wears through and the copper in the wire touches the car metal framework that's a SHORTCIRCUIT. Short because the electricity doesn't have to go through the lightbulb anymore. It has a shorter path now. But its still a circuit. If this happened the Fuse would burn out. Why- because the lightbulb uses the electricity in the circuit (amps). Without the lightbulb, all that electrical energy goes through the fuse before it is bled off by the light. So that's the Short Circuit and why it blows the fuse. I hope you are not as confused as I am right now.

Answer 3

A movie made in 1985 starring Ally Sheedy and Steve Guttenberg. It's the heartwarming story of an experimental Department of Defense robot that gains sentience when it is struck by lightning. Knowing that to be captured is to be shut down and reprogrammed, Number 5 (as the robot designates itself) enlists the aid of a young woman to convince its creator that it is self-aware. A very entertaining film that was followed up in 1988 with a sequel that, while still entertaining, lacked the warmth of the original (largely due to the fact that none of the original cast returned, save Tim Blaney, the voice of Number 5).

In electronics, a short circuit occurs when an accidental low-resistance connection is established between two nodes of an electrical circuit that are meant to be at different voltages. This results in an excessive electric current limited only by the internal impedance of the current source and potentially causes circuit damage, overheating, fire or explosion. Although usually the result of a fault, there are cases where short circuits are caused intentionally, for example, for the purpose of voltage-sensing crowbar circuit protectors.

Answer 4

A short circuit (sometimes abbreviated to short or s/c) is an accidental low-resistance connection between two nodes of an electrical circuit that are meant to be at different voltages. This results in an excessive electric current limited only by the internal impedance of the current source and potentially causes circuit damage, overheating, fire or explosion. Although usually the result of a fault, there are cases where short circuits are caused intentionally, for example, for the purpose of voltage-sensing crowbar circuit protectors.

The electrical opposite of a short circuit is an open circuit, which is infinite resistance between two nodes. It is common to misuse "short circuit" to describe any electrical malfunction, regardless of the actual problem

Answer 5

A short circuit is a broad term used to refer to an electrical circuit that is not completing it,s correct route to the device that it is supplying thus becoming a 'short circuit'.This can be caused by a pinched or cut wire that allows the current in the circuit to flow in an unintended route and usually results in blown fuses or circuit breakers and strange behavior of other items that may be getting current when they should not be.

Answer 6

A short circuit takes place when current passes through shortened path in the circuit due to the crossing or touching of uncovered portions of the wire. Here, electrons flow through portions of very low resistance in a circuit instead of passing through useful loads.
short circuits cause overheating on the low resistance part of the circuit that may burn our appliances and even our house.

Answer 7

A short circuit is when the circuit path gets grounded.

Answer 8

A direct conducting connection between the contacts of your power source. A large current will the go along the path with the lowest resistance (which is your "short circuit") and if the current is large enough and you don't have any limiters like fuses probably destroy your device.

Answer 9

when the resistance across a circuit is zero, the current flowing through it will be maximum.such a circuit is called short circuit

Answer 10

when a negative and a positive wire touches the circuit gets shorted i.e the circuit is cut.