how snake venom act in our body after snake bite ?

Question

tell me biochemical reactions.

Answer 1

Snake venom is a highly modified saliva that is produced by special glands. The gland which secretes the toxin is a modification of the parotid salivary gland of other vertebrates, and is usually situated on each side of the head below and behind the eye, invested in a muscular sheath. It is provided with large alveoli in which the venom is stored before being conveyed by a duct to the base of the channelled or tubular fang through which it is ejected. Snake venom is a combination of many different proteins and enzymes. Many of these proteins are harmless to humans, but some are toxins.

Snake venom is a mixture of toxins and different enzymes used for other purposes like increasing the prey's uptake of toxins.

Phosphodiesterases are used to interfere with the prey's cardiac system, mainly to lower the blood pressure.

Snake venom inhibits cholinesterase to make the prey lose control of its muscles.

Hyaluronidase increases tissue permeability to increase the rate that other enzymes are absorbed into the prey's tissues.

Amino acid oxidases and proteases are used for digestion. Amino acid oxidase also triggers some other enzymes and is responsible for the yellow color of the venom of some species.

Snake venom often contains ATPases which are used for breaking down ATP to disrupt the prey's energy supply.

There are three distinct types of venom that act on the body differently.

Hemotoxic venoms act on the heart and cardiovascular system.
Neurotoxic venom acts on the nervous system and brain.
Cytotoxic venom has a localized action at the site of the bite.
It is noteworthy that the size of the venom fangs is in no relation to the virulence of the venom. The comparatively innocent Indo-Malay Lachesis alluded to above have enormous fangs, whilst the smallest fangs are found in the most justly dreaded of all snakes, the Hydrophids.

Answer 2

This depends entirely on the snake. But generally they fall into three catagories. 1.) Destroyers - These are among the most lethal poisoners. Their Toxin is so powerful it kills all red blood cells it comes in contact with. becuase of this the body can not fight the bleeding. Second all your white blood cells respond rapidly. They will all die and increase the risk of infection. Necrotizing wounds are not uncommon with this form of poison. 2.) nervous system shutdown - Many snakes prefer to eat living pray. In order to keep them alive in a none violent state they simply turn off their nerves. This makes it impossible to tell muscles what to do. The stronger versions of this toxin will shut down the heart and/or lungs killing their pray. 3.) Crazed - This is rather rare but some snakes and a few amphibians have hullicinaginic properties in their poison. They drive their pray so insane they often end up killing themselves in some foolish act. I am an amatuer toxicologist. I study poisons and the methods involved with them. I hope my information was useful, Hails, Silence

Answer 3

That depends on the snake. Rattle snake, Cobra, Sea Snake.
In fact many snakes have multiple active ingredients within the venom which acts to subdue the victim.

Further reading: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snake_venom

Answer 4

snake venom act a fool once its up you body

Answer 5

Snakebite, wound inflicted by the mouth of a snake. A wound from a snake with short teeth and no fangs may look like a series of scratches or tiny punctures. The twin puncture wounds usually associated with snakebites appear when the paired fangs of a fanged snake break through the skin.

Snakebites from nonpoisonous snakes are not serious but should be cleansed with an antiseptic to prevent infection. The bite of a poisonous snake, which can inject venom into the body, may cause severe illness and sometimes death. Symptoms generally include swelling, discoloration, and pain at the site of the bite. Victims may feel weak and dizzy, perspire heavily, and experience nausea and vomiting, all of which are symptoms of shock.

The victim of a snakebite should seek first aid promptly. An attempt should be made to identify the snake if it can be done safely. First aid measures should focus on keeping the victim quiet so that the heart rate remains normal, thereby slowing the spread of venom in the bloodstream. The area of the bite should be kept below the level of the heart. The victim should seek medical attention immediately. Depending upon the victim’s symptoms and the species of the snake, the physician may administer antivenin, a preparation that helps to neutralize the venom and minimize its harmful effects.

The venom of poisonous snakes is produced and stored in specialized glands within the snake’s head. In the United States, there are four types of poisonous snakes: coral snakes, rattlesnakes, copperheads, and cottonmouths, or water moccasins. With the exception of coral snakes, all these snakes are pit vipers.

Responsible for most snake attacks on human beings, pit vipers have the most efficient fangs for injecting venom. Their fangs are hollow, curved, and so long that they fold back into the mouth when not in use. Their venom mostly affects the circulatory system, but it also causes disruption of normal nervous system function.

Coral snakes have short, fixed fangs in the front of the mouth and they hang onto and chew their victims. Unlike vipers, coral snakes bite only when they are being handled or are accidentally touched or stepped on. Their venom primarily affects the nervous system.

When walking in areas where poisonous snakes are present, individuals should wear high boots and thick loose pants, and should remain alert in order to avoid close encounters with these reptiles. Individuals should also be able to distinguish between poisonous and nonpoisonous snakes.

Venom, poison of animal origin, usually restricted to poisons that are administered by biting or stinging and used to capture—and, sometimes, aid in digesting—prey, or for defense. Thus the poisons secreted by the skin of some toads, or accumulated in the bodies of numerous inedible animals, are ordinarily not considered venoms. The most familiar venomous animals are certain snakes and insects and the spiders and other arachnids. Venomous species occur throughout the animal kingdom, however, including the mammals. Some shrews, for example, have venomous saliva, and the platypus bears poison spurs on its hind legs.

The severity of a venom's effects depends on several factors, such as its chemical nature, the stinging or biting mechanism involved, the amount of venom delivered, and the size and condition of the victim. For example, all spiders are venomous, but the venoms of most are too weak or minute in quantity to have noticeable effects on humans; in addition, many spiders cannot even puncture human skin. Thus, few of them are poisonous to humans, but their venoms are quite effective on insect prey.

Chemically, venoms vary greatly across the animal kingdom and are not readily defined. Snake venoms, for example, are complex mixtures of enzymatic proteins and different toxins. In terms of their effects, however, they may be broadly categorized as hemotoxic (damaging blood vessels and causing hemorrhage) or neurotoxic (paralyzing nerve centers that control respiration and heart action); they may also contain agents that promote or prevent blood clotting. Sometimes a combination of these effects is involved, however, and variations may occur within genera or even within species. Among snakes, cobras and coral snakes may be singled out as having a particularly neurotoxic venom; among other animals, the venom of arachnids also falls into the neurotoxic category. The effects of insect stings are usually the result of histamines that produce local irritation and swelling.

Serums against various venoms can be produced by injecting animals such as horses with sublethal doses and extracting the immune serum, or antivenin, that the animal body produces. Venoms themselves have occasional medicinal uses; for example, some are used as painkillers in cases of arthritis or cancer, and some serve as coagulants for people with hemophilia.

Answer 6

The venom is a neuro-toxin. It begins paralyzing the nerves.

Answer 7

depend on the type of poisonus snake.Some acts directly on respiratory system
some act on nervous system
and so on.

Answer 8

it destroys the cells