What are the characteristics of a square, oversquare, and undersquare engines?

Question

what applications are they used?

Answer 1

Hey three for the price of one questions! Tractors need torque so piston is smaller and stroke is long to get the maxium expansion out of fuel burn undersquare engines don't rev very high. Square engine 3.5 inch bore 3.5 inch stroke common car motors rev good to about 6,000 rpms make power at 4,500 rpms and have average torque. Over square engines are built to rev up higher and make power at high piston speed on a short stroke and large diameter piston. Applications where short bursts of horse power are needed like sprint car racing.