How does a state court obtain subject matter jurisdiction over a case?

Answer 1

State law will determine the subject matter of particular courts within the state. Court responsibilities are delineated somewhat differently from state to state and names of court varies. Basically, however, there will be a statute that creates a court, like "Family Court", and then sets out what the subject matter of that court is. Family Court will typically have jurisdiction over things like divorces, adoptions, juvenile matters, etc. In some states, it may even have jurisdiction over certain classes of criminal statutes (like those involving family members). Other court will have jurisdiction over criminal matters, but maybe one type of court's jurisdiction will be limited to misdemeanors (or less) and another court will hear the more serious offense (and/or cases where a jury trial is demanded). In civil actions, there will typically be limits based on the type of case and the amounts in controversy. For example, small claims' court jurisdiction will typically be limited to cases of relatively litte value (in my state $3,500).

The short answer to you question: Subject matter jurisdiction is conferred by statute.

Why does it matter? Because anything done by a court lacking subject matter jurisdiction is void.

Is that a big problem? Usually not, there aren't that many close calls and most courts are aware of the limits of their jurisdiction.

Answer 2

Anything that violates a law of that state is within the subject matter jurisdiction of that state's courts. The court obtains jurisdiction when the claims are filed.

Personal jurisidiction of the defendant is a bit trickier.

Answer 3

it depends, some cases could legally be brought in 2 different courts. some of the reasons could be the amount of money sued for or if the opposing party is in another state etc. try contacting legal aid if you do not have an attorney