Can someone help me compare and contrast these: Disaccharides, Monosaccharides, and Polysaccharides?

Question

This is for a 10th grade biology class discussion.

Answer 1

All of the three are carbohydrates and have at least one basic sugar unit. The mono-saccharide is just one sugar unit (for ex glucose or ribose or xylose). The di-saccharide has two sugars joined by a covalent bond (for ex sucrose or lactose). The polysaccharide has more than two (ex starch, cellulose). The biggest contrast is in length/molecular weight. The biggest similarity is in basic structure.

Answer 2

All carbohydrates are created or destroyed by the processes called dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis.
1. Dehydration synthesis: is an anabolic process by which two molecules are chemically bonded through the use of enzymes and a loss of water. Example: glucose + glucose = maltose + water.
2. Hydrolysis: is a catabolic process by which the bond between monomers are broken by the enzyme and the addition of water. Example: Sucrose + water = glucose + fructose.

Carbohydrates: include sugars and their polymers. They include monosaccharides disaccharides, and polysaccharides. The monosaccharide is a monomer, the disaccharide is a polymer,and the polysaccharides are macromolecules.

Monosaccharides: The basic formula (CH2O)
Examples: triose sugars, 3 carbons, glyceraldehyde and dihydroxyacetone; pentose sugars. 5 carbons. ribose, deoxyribose, and ribulose; hexose sugars, 6 carbons, glucose, galactose, and fructose.

Disaccharides: These are double sugars with the formula C12H22O11. Notice that one molecule of water is missing from the formula. The covalent bond holding the two monomers together is called a 1-4 or 1-2 glycoside linkage. Examples: sucrose = glucose + fructose. maltose = glucose + glucose, and lactose = glucose + galactose.

Polysaccharides: The basic formula is ( C6H10O5)n . These are macromolecules capable of acting as structural or storage molecules.

Storage Polysaccharides: Starch is a plant storage polysaccharide that is composed entirely of glucose joined by @1-4 glycoside linkages. amylose is the simplest form of starch. amylopectin is more complex and is branched. Glycogen is an animal starch stored in the liver and muscles of vertebrates. It is more highly branched than amylopectin.

Structural Polysaccharides: Cellulose and chitin are examples of structural polysaccharides.
Cellulose is the most abundant organic compound on earth. It is made of glucose, like starch, but they differ in the type of 1-4 linkage. Instead of an @ linkage as in starch cellulose contains a B 1-4 linkage.
This causes the polysaccharide to take on a step arrangement and not a linear one like in starch.
Enzymes find it difficult to brake the B 1-4 linkage.

Answer 3

All sugars and rather self explanatory. A disaccharide is just a two structure sugar, such as sucrose ( I think ) A monosaccharide is one structure, such as glucose. A polysaccharide is many linked structures.