What are the differences in philosophy between Frederick Douglass and Booker T. Washington?

Answer 1

I suggest that you read both of their memoirs / autobiographies, to get a much better idea of those differences, than what anyone may tell you. Decide for yourself. (Douglass would have appreciated that) Do the work!

My own opinion, is that Douglass was much more, let's say, active in terms of fighting for freedom; he taught himself to read, and later escaped from slavery. One day, as he was brought back from an attempted escape, he got into a fight / wrestling match w the overseer. Douglass got him on his back in a choke hold, and then let him free. He was never whipped again. He wrote, "That day, I was a slave in name only."

Washington came a bit later, and I think he saw freedom more directly in education, and learning a skill / being self-sufficient. Unfortunately, things were messed up in education after Emancipation; freed slaves and free-born blacks were still educated "only to the level fitting for menial labor."

Answer 2

Both former slaves Frederick Douglass and Booker T Washington were championing of many forms of equality; not only slavery and race equality.
Frederick Douglass was an abolitionist but was not favoring an armed uprising. Douglass believed that the Constitution could and should be used as an instrument in the fight against slavery.
Booker T Washington was labeled by some activists as an "accommodator", his work cooperating with white people and enlisting the support of wealthy philanthropists to establish and operate hundreds of small community schools and institutions of higher education for the betterment of black persons throughout the South.