How efficient are the EXAMS conducted in Schools or Colleges in testing our Knowledge ?

Answer 1

The most any exam can do is to sample our knowledge then assume that the students who can best retain and use lessons learned either have the most capacity or have studied hardest. That is a predictor for success and wins the best grades. In fact many students could improve by adopting more efficient study habits (such as better class note taking, etc.). It is likely not cost effective to determine whether every fact taught has been learned but teachers (professors) are professionals and should know how to give and grade valid tests. It's part of the job. I had a history teacher who tested using only facts in the textbook footnotes. That was not a valid sample of the lessons. He was by far the poorest teacher IMHO but was a great football coach. I wondered if he told his team to read the footnotes so that they could get high enough grades to make the team!

In college, an exam required us to prove that complex equation A was equivalent to complex equation B. I put the equations at the top and bottom of the page and manipulated them up and down till I gave up in the middle. I got the only A for "solving" that problem. Go figure!