Which of these has greater expansion: Nitrogen, Water and Copper?

Question

How are the molecules arranged in the three substances that affect their properties of expansion?

Answer 1

It is assumed that you are talking about these 3 substances under similar conditions: room temperature and atmospheric pressure.
The difference is in the distance between the molecules based on the intermolecular forces:
copper is an element and its atoms bonding in metallic bond. they are closely packed and therefore copper is a solid at room temperature and does not change as much per each rise in temperature by one degree.
Water molecules are polar and therefore there are relatively strong forces between them - but the molecules are not as tight as copper atoms. Therefore water is liquid at room temp and there are 100 degrees between melting and boiling point. this indicates that it does expend moderately as temperature rises.
Nitrogen is also an element but its atoms are at great distance from each other at room temperature, thus it is a gas. every change in one degree has affect on the volume: as temperature increases, volume increase greatly.

Answer 2

A gas will always have a much larger coefficient of expansion than a liquid or solid. Boyle's Law says that at constant pressure the volume of a gas is proportional to the absolute temperature. If you insert a thin glass tube into the cork stopper of a flask full of air, and insert a blob of water into the tube, even the warmth of your hand holding the flask will move the index of water in the tube. Reason? Thermal motion of molecules in a solid or liquid consists of wiggling about a fixed mean position. Thermal motion of gas molecules is much more free. It causes the molecules to exert pressure on the container walls, and if a wall is free to move, like a piston in a cylinder or the water index in the glass tube, then the pressure stays constant and a temperature rise will cause a large movement of the wall.

Answer 3

Nitrogen has what's known as covalent bonds with it's molecules. As such it has the greatest amount of expansion for a given temperature. However, it will only expand if free to do so.

Answer 4

Nitrogen has the greater expansion.

Answer 5

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Answer 6

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