How do reasoning, intelligence and logic development from childhood to adulthood?

Answer 1

http://chiron.valdosta.edu/whuitt/col/cogsys/piaget.html

Process of Cognitive Development.

As a biologist, Piaget was interested in how an organism adapts to its environment (Piaget described as intelligence.) Behavior (adaptation to the environment) is controlled through mental organizations called schemes that the individual uses to represent the world and designate action. This adaptation is driven by a biological drive to obtain balance between schemes and the environment (equilibration).

Piaget hypothesized that infants are born with schemes operating at birth that he called "reflexes." In other animals, these reflexes control behavior throughout life. However, in human beings as the infant uses these reflexes to adapt to the environment, these reflexes are quickly replaced with constructed schemes.

Piaget described two processes used by the individual in its attempt to adapt: assimilation and accomodation. Both of these processes are used thoughout life as the person increasingly adapts to the environment in a more complex manner.

Assimilation is the process of using or transforming the environment so that it can be placed in preexisting cognitive structures. Accomodation is the process of changing cognitive structures in order to accept something from the environment. Both processes are used simultaneously and alternately throughout life. An example of assimilation would be when an infant uses a sucking schema that was developed by sucking on a small bottle when attempting to suck on a larger bottle. An example of accomodation would be when the child needs to modify a sucking schema developed by sucking on a pacifier to one that would be successful for sucking on a bottle.

As schemes become increasingly more complex (i.e., responsible for more complex behaviors) they are termed structures. As one's structures become more complex, they are organized in a hierarchical manner (i.e., from general to specific).

Stages of Cognitive Development. Piaget identified four stages in cognitive development:

Sensorimotor stage (Infancy). In this period (which has 6 stages), intelligence is demonstrated through motor activity without the use of symbols. Knowledge of the world is limited (but developing) because its based on physical interactions / experiences. Children acquire object permanence at about 7 months of age (memory). Physical development (mobility) allows the child to begin developing new intellectual abilities. Some symbollic (language) abilities are developed at the end of this stage.
Pre-operational stage (Toddler and Early Childhood). In this period (which has two substages), intelligence is demonstrated through the use of symbols, language use matures, and memory and imagination are developed, but thinking is done in a nonlogical, nonreversable manner. Egocentric thinking predominates
Concrete operational stage (Elementary and early adolescence). In this stage (characterized by 7 types of conservation: number, length, liquid, mass, weight, area, volume), intelligence is demonstarted through logical and systematic manipulation of symbols related to concrete objects. Operational thinking develops (mental actions that are reversible). Egocentric thought diminishes.
Formal operational stage (Adolescence and adulthood). In this stage, intelligence is demonstrated through the logical use of symbols related to abstract concepts. Early in the period there is a return to egocentric thought. Only 35% of high school graduates in industrialized countries obtain formal operations; many people do not think formally during adulthood.

http://chiron.valdosta.edu/whuitt/col/cogsys/piaget.html

Answer 2

To really understand this, you have to chuck most of what popular opinion deems 'plausible' in modern psychology. There is no standard in psychology, as to what a normal healthy human being represents -- it's all "relative" to the culture of the time. So, not exactly the standard you want to use.
Mankind is not determined biologically. Mankind can do what no animal can -- be creative; and to willfully increase the population of the planet, at higher standards of living.
Reasoning and intelligence develop as a function of the prevailing culture, and especially the parents' sense of identity, and what it means to be human. If the parents think that man is just another beast, then the child will develop thinking that life is just about getting the pleasure of the moment. Contrast how a great mind like Mozart functioned, as opposed to how most people see themselves -- trying to figure out the purpose of life.

Answer 3

The science of developmental psychology addresses exactly that question.......Piaget is one of the key names you can research within the science........many interesting experiment were conducted to measure various theory of learning and development////and what factors affected it.

Answer 4

certain. speaking as a former member of a important prepared faith (i'm a former Christian), and as someone who changed into extra up in this faith, i'll assert that faith encourages you to make certain by using faith fairly of being open minded, counting on the assorted aspects and then using good judgment and reason to go back up with a end. faith and faith encourages you to make certain that quite a number of questionably translated and edited historic scribblings as absolute reality even although suggested textual content includes, between others, memories of a speaking snake that provides out nutritional suggestion of doom, speaking donkeys, magic knowledge trees, human beings transforming into salt, a guy whose skill is proportional to his hair length, a guy getting eaten by using and residing for days interior a fish, human beings magically levitating/whisked by using magic chariot into the sky, virgin births and human beings reanimating after being useless for days. the coolest difficulty is you presently recognize what faith and blind faith can do, so conceivable keep your self from this kind of wondering, be a rational man or woman and initiate to fix or strengthen you existence and way of wondering devoid of pertaining to an historic textual content, priest or pastor as an absolute reality and moral handbook. "a thanks to make certain by using faith is to close the interest of reason." - Ben Franklin "The be conscious god is for me not something more beneficial than the expression and made from human weaknesses, the Bible quite a number of honourable, yet nonetheless primitive legends that are notwithstanding quite infantile. No interpretation no be counted how diffused can (for me) replace this." - Albert Einstein, in a letter responding to logician Eric Gutkind, who had despatched him a duplicate of his e book opt for existence: The Biblical call to insurrection; quoted from James Randerson, "infantile Superstition: Einstein's Letter Makes View of religion truly sparkling: Scientist's respond to promote for as a lot as £8,000, and Stoke Debate over His beliefs" The mom or father, (13 ought to 2008) "a guy's moral habit must be depending effectively on sympathy, education, and social ties and needs; no religious foundation is critical. guy ought to certainly be in a foul way if he had to be restricted by using worry of punishment and desire of advantages after lack of life." - Albert Einstein, "faith and technology," ny situations mag, 9 November 1930