the discovery of virus?

Question

how was virus discovered? Who discovered it? What did they do (like their experiment)? And when?

Answer 1

Viral diseases such as rabies have affected humans for many centuries, but it wasn't until relatively recently that the cause of these diseases was discovered. In the early 18th century, the wife of an English ambassador to Turkey observed the native women inoculating their children against smallpox, who subsequently became immune to the disease. In the late 18th century, Edward Jenner observed and studied a milkmaid who had caught cowpox previously and subsequently became immune to smallpox, a similar virus.

Charles Chamberland developed a porcelain filter in the late 19th century which was used to indirectly study the first documented virus, tobacco mosaic virus. Shortly afterwards, Dmitri Ivanowski published his experiments showing that crushed leaf extracts of infected tobacco plants were still infectious even after filtering any bacteria. At about the same time, several others documented filterable disease-causing agents, with several independent experiments showing that viruses were different to bacteria and caused disease in living organisms.

In the early 20th century, Frederick Twort discovered that even bacteria could be attacked by viruses. Felix d'Herelle, working independently, showed that a preparation of viruses caused areas of cellular death on thin cell cultures spread on agar. Counting these degraded areas allowed him to estimate the original number of viruses in the suspension. Finally, in 1935 Wendell Stanley crystallised the tobacco mosaic virus and found it to be mostly protein, and a short time later the virus was separated into both protein and a nucleic acid parts.

Example of experiment:

Edward Jenner was a doctor in Berkeley, Gloucestershire. In 1796 he carried out his now famous experiment on eight-year-old James Phipps. Jenner inserted pus taken from a cowpox pustule on the hand of milkmaid Sarah Nelmes and inserted it into an incision on the boy's arm. He was testing his theory, drawn from the folklore of the countryside, that milkmaids who suffered the mild disease of cowpox never contracted smallpox

Answer 2

Good Question: Viral diseases such as rabies have affected humans for many centuries, but it wasn't until relatively recently that the cause of these diseases was discovered. In the early 18th century, the wife of an English ambassador to Turkey observed the native women inoculating their children against smallpox, who subsequently became immune to the disease. In the late 18th century, Edward Jenner observed and studied a milkmaid who had caught cowpox previously and subsequently became immune to smallpox, a similar virus.

Charles Chamberland developed a porcelain filter in the late 19th century which was used to indirectly study the first documented virus, tobacco mosaic virus. Shortly afterwards, Dmitri Ivanowski published his experiments showing that crushed leaf extracts of infected tobacco plants were still infectious even after filtering any bacteria. At about the same time, several others documented filterable disease-causing agents, with several independent experiments showing that viruses were different to bacteria and caused disease in living organisms.

In the early 20th century, Frederick Twort discovered that even bacteria could be attacked by viruses. Felix d'Herelle, working independently, showed that a preparation of viruses caused areas of cellular death on thin cell cultures spread on agar. Counting these degraded areas allowed him to estimate the original number of viruses in the suspension. Finally, in 1935 Wendell Stanley crystallised the tobacco mosaic virus and found it to be mostly protein, and a short time later the virus was separated into both protein and a nucleic acid parts.

Answer 3

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