what is the use of the fractionating column in fractional distillation?

Answer 1

The short answer is "to separate the fractional components of the feedstock according to condensation points."

Answer 2

Fractionating Column

Answer 3

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in general, what is happening is that when heated, not only one component is heated to vaporization at one time. there can be other molecules that have higher boiling points and can still vaporize if they attain enough kinetic energy to leave the surface of the mixture. here, the vapor(s) are met by glass beads or spikes or something to separate out each component. when the mixture of vapors rises in the column it becomes concentrated with the lower-boiling-point components, separating these out first while the other components condense and re-enter the mixture. this can occur because the column has a slightly lower temperature than that in the mixture. the higher bp components condense and fall back into the mixture until the mixture reaches a new boiling point for the other component(s) in the fractional distillation of petroleum products, the column works in much the same way. bubble traps or trays collect all of the vapors. the ones that have the lower melting points don't get caught and recondense in these traps. they rise and are removed. the higher melting point vapors will recondense at the slightly lower temperature of the trays or traps and fall back into the mixture until the mixture reaches each new boiling point.

Answer 4

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RE:
what is the use of the fractionating column in fractional distillation?

Answer 5

Short answer: A distillation is better, there is greater separation, when there is more surface area to condense on.

Longer answer:
Let's use the classic ethanol / water example: In the pot water and EtOH are boiled. Both water and EtOH are condensing on the surface of the column and then evaporating off it again. The water that condenses is more likely to simply run down the side of the column and rejoin the pot mixture because it takes more energy to vaporize it. More ethanol than water will reenter the gaseous state and climb the column. The more times this process has to be exercised to climb the column the better the ratio of EtOH:H2O will be at the end. The more surface area to condense on in the column the more material will condense.

Packing in the column thus leads to better separation.

Answer 6

In a fractional distillation unit, fractionating column separates the different components of a feedstock according to each boiling range temperature. A crude oil feedstock has lpg, naphtha (gasoline), kerosene, diesel and residue (asphalt) components that can be separated in a fractionating column collected thru its bubble cap tray of each theoretical plate of the column.

Answer 7

If two or more components are mixed in a liquid state, the vapor mixture which forms in equilibrium with the liquid mix will have a higher concentration of the more volatile (lower boiling point) component. This liq/vap equilibrium stage comprises one theoretical plate. A fractionation column gives you a series of stacked theoretical plates, where liquid from one stage mixes with vapor to the stage below, while the vapor from the stage mixes with liquid to the stage above. New equilibrium levels are then approached on each stage as the vap/liq streams mix. The net effect is to increase the concentration of the more volatile component as you move up the column. Many different product streams can be pulled off a single column, such as with refinery main fractionators.

Answer 8

In fractionating coloumn, liquids with different boiling points vapourizes at different time intervals so that fractions with least burning points can be separated first and so on.