By what process are Enzymes made in the cell?

Question

I know that enzymes are produced by living cells with each cell containing about several hundred enzymes. I am just curious to know by what process are enzymes are made in the cell?

Answer 1

The general idea of how enzyme is made in the cell can be considered as follow:
enzyme is made of proteins and proteins are made of many individual amino acids connected by peptide bond N-C=O. thus protein can be known as chain of amino acids.
the synthesis of protein is controlled within the nucleus through gene regulation, and the DNA is what codes for the order of amino acid in a protein chain. there are many genes which codes for different protein hence enzyme, some enzymes do consist of more than one polypeptide chain thus eptistacy can act on such enzyme. it will be quite difficult for you to understand about the process detail without any background knowledge in genetics, but i stil tell you the simplified version, for example the synthesis of enzyme A, a piece of DNA contains numerous bases attached to a sugar phosphate backbone and each 3 bases codes for one amino acid, there are 4 bases (adenine, tymine, cytosine and guanine) for example CUG codes for the amino acid leucine. this piece of DNA is transcribed into mRNA for which thymine becomes uracil, the mRNA is translocated into the cytosol from the nucleus to the rough endoplasmic reticulum where ribosomes will attached to the mRNA and start the synthesis of the enzyme, the start codon AUG coding for amino acid methionine will be recognised by tRNA with anticodon 3'UAC5' since than base A will base pair with base U and base C with base pair with G. the tRNA is responsible for assembling the amino acids into a chain, one the protein is complete it will than leaves the RER and send to the place inside the cell where it's needed via vesicle. If you really want to understand how enzyme is synthesised, you should be reading a book.^^

Answer 2

enzymes are essentially complex proteins. proteins are formed in living cells by the process of translation and then transcription.

translation is the process of forming a messenger-RNA from part of the DNA that codes for the production of the protein. it takes place in the nucleus. the m-RNA formed leaves the nucleus via the nuclear pore into the cytoplasm of the cell where translation takes place.

translation is the process where proteins are formed from m-RNA and amino acids that are found freely-floating in the cytoplasm. this process also requires ribosomes that are either found freely-floating in the cytoplasm or the ones that are membrane bound to the smooth endoplasmic reticulum.

at the end of translation, a protein strand is formed. the protein next enters the golgi apparatus where they get modified and made more complex. some become glycoproteins while other gets lipids attached to them forming lipoproteins. it is here where proteins that are destined to be enzymes accquire their specific shape and structure that is characteristic of an enzyme.

the enzyme that is now formed leaves the golgi apparatus in a vesicles that gets transfered through the cytoplasm where it fuses with the cell membrane of the cell and releases the enzyme out of the cell via exocytosis.

some enzymes of course are used within a cell itself. in this case the vesicle that contains the enzyme will fuse with another vesicle that contains the matter that needs to be digested.

this is of course a really watered down version. the detailed steps for translation, transcription, modification and transport out of the cell via exocytosis are explained further in the links below.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcription_%28genetics%29
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Translation_%28genetics%29
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golgi_apparatus
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exocytosis

hope this helped though!

Answer 3

All enzymes are protiens but, not all proteins are enzymes !

Answer 4

Lippy's right on...