how to test water with respect to hardness, chloride content & free Chlorine count?

Question

pls. provide me with procedure calculations.

Answer 1

one test might be the pH paper test

Answer 2

Buy a test kit for water testing ( tailor -technologies,Inc.)
It contains reagents to test the hardness in PPM ( part per million ) and others for free chlorine content .
You will found instruction manual explaining procedure of each test ,attached with the kit
I hope you get soft and disinfected water for ever !!!

Answer 3

chlorine demand The amount of chlorine that must be applied to water before free chlorine can be detected. Chlorine demand is the difference between the amount of chlorine added to water and the amount of residual chlorine remaining after a given contact time. Chlorine demand varies with dosage, time, temperature, pH, and nature and amount of the impurities in the water.

Answer 4

Water hardness :
The hardness or softness of water depends on the amount of calcium in it – the more it contains, the harder the water is.

One of the easiest ways to tell what kind of water you have is when you wash your hands. If your household water is very soft then soap will tend to lather easily, whereas with hard water it will not produce as many suds.

When rain falls it contains no calcium but, as it flows over the land and percolates through rocks, it dissolves minerals and becomes harder. The amount it picks up depends upon the geology of the area and the hardness of water varies widely throughout the country.

Here, in southern England, much of our water is collected from underground chalk aquifers where the water is hard.

The definition of water hardness is based on the amount of calcium it contains per litre.

Soft water contains less than 30mg of calcium per litre
Moderately hard water contains between 30 and 60mg
Hard water between 60 and 120mg and
Very hard water contains more than 120mg of calcium per litre
There is no UK or European standard set for the hardness of drinking water. Southern Water does not soften water at any of its treatment works.

A preference for hard or soft water is a very personal choice, often depending on the type of water to which you are used, but it is important to remember neither have an effect on the excellent quality of drinking water we supply to one million properties.

While hard water does not produce as much lather this has no effect on the performance of soaps and washing detergents. Modern dishwashers have built-in water softeners that prevent white deposits or spots forming and water softening products can be added to older machines.

Harmless limescale is formed when hard water is heated. Regular cleaning of kettles will prevent the “scum” floating to the surface, while keeping the temperature of the hot water systems below 60°C will reduce the formation of limescale in boilers, on heating elements and in hot water pipes.

The best tests preferred are pH test, boiling.

The methods to remove hardness is boiling,EDTA method,Permutit process e.t.c.

Answer 5

find pH by lab tests.
lower pH indicates lower hardness
many methods are there to find pH
one of the cheapest method is-
The HORIBA K-8 process pH (ORP) analysis system features a systematic combination of functional component units which offers the versatility needed to meet a wide range of applications.

Answer 6

Collect sample and test it in lab (involves cost)