what are the short vowels and the long vowels in sad,bat,ran, am?

Answer 1

There are no long vowels in these words.

The only short vowel in these words is /a/. If you say the word "apple" but chop off the "-pple" part, you get the short /a/ sound. But because the /m/ and /n/ are considered "nasal" letters (meaning the air for the sounds come out of the nose), you need to tweak the sounds of the /a/ for the sounds.

Answer 2

Vowels are: a,e,i,o,u (sometimes y) remember that a long vowel says its' name. You should be able to figure this one out!