what is tRNA?HOW IT WORKS?HOW DOES IT LOOK LIKE?

Answer 1

Transfer RNA (abbreviated tRNA) is a small RNA chain (74-93 nucleotides) that transfers a specific amino acid to a growing polypeptide chain at the ribosomal site of protein synthesis during translation. It has a site for amino acid attachment and a three-base region called the anticodon that recognizes the corresponding three-base codon region on mRNA via complementary base pairing. Each type of tRNA molecule can be attached to only one type of amino acid, but because the genetic code is degenerate - that is, it contains multiple codons that specify the same amino acid - multiple types of tRNA molecules bearing different anticodons may carry the same amino acid.

Transfer RNA is the "adaptor" molecule hypothesized by Francis Crick, which mediates recognition of the codon sequence in mRNA and allows its translation into the appropriate amino acid.

Structure of tRNA

tRNA has primary structure (the order of nucleotides from 5' to 3'), secondary structure (usually visualized as the cloverleaf structure), and tertiary structure (all tRNAs have a similar L-shaped 3D structure that allows them to fit into the P and A sites of the ribosome). The primary structure was reported in 1969 by Robert W. Holley. The secondary and tertiary structures were derived from X-ray crystallographic studies reported independently in 1974 by American and British research groups headed, respectively, by Alexander Rich and Aaron Klug

Answer 2

tRNA is the information adapter molecule. It is the direct interface between amino-acid sequence of a protein and the information in DNA. Therefore it decodes the information in DNA. There are > 20 different tRNA molecules. All have between 75-95 nt.

All tRNA's from all organisms have a similar structure, indeed a human tRNA can function in yeast cells.

There are 4 arms and 3 loops. The acceptor, D, T pseudouridine C and anticodon arms, and D, T pseudouridine C and anticodon loops. Sometimes tRNA molecules have an extra or variable loop (this is shown in yellow in the adjacent figure).

tRNA is synthesized in two parts. The body of the tRNA is transcribed from a tRNA gene. The acceptor stem is the same for all tRNA molecules and is added after the body is synthesized. It is replaced often during lifetime of a tRNA molecule.

The adjacent image is a 3-D model of a yeast tRNA molecule which can code for ser. The model and the schematic above share the same color coding. You can rotate the molecule in the y axis to get better views of the structure.

Observe how the molecule is folded with the D and T pseudo-U C loops in contact, and with the acceptor stem and the anticodon loop at opposite ends.

The acceptor stem is the site at which a specific amino acid is attached by an amino-acyl-tRNA synthase. The anticodon reads the information in a mRNA sequence by base pairing.

Notice how the overall gross structure of the helix resembles that of DNA. Observe that the phosphoryl groups (shown in orange) are not on the outside of the helix like they are in DNA but are located in the groove. bases are paired similarly to DNA. In this image the acceptor stem is on the left and the anticodon loop is at the bottom. The D loop is in front of the T pseeudoU C loop at the top right.

Answer 3

Transfer RNA or tRNA is a small RNA ( about 75 nucleotides long, unlike mRNA which is a thousand or so) that serves as a translator in protein synthesis. It's L shaped, but its secondary structure is a cloverleaf. Then, the two arms of the cloverleaf fold together to form the L. On one end of the L is the anticodon, which pairs with three bases in the mRNA. On the other end is the amino acid that should be placed into protein in response to that mRNA codon (if the tRNA has been loaded up with the amino acid by its matching enzyme, the amino acyl tRNA synthetase). In protein synthesis, the loaded tRNA base pairs with the right mRNA codon, bringing the next amino acid to the right place. Then the ribosomal RNA of the ribosome helps the protein chain grow by one amino acid by moving the growing peptide chain onto that amino acyl tRNA. It's complicated, but that's the essence of what happens.

Answer 4

tRNA stands for Transfer ribo nuclic acid.

It is playing key role in the process of protein synthesis.
It carries Amino Acid from the cytoplasm to the mRNA(messenger RNA) for the synthesis of protein.

In 3D it looks like clove shaped.It is having two ends one is 3' end another one id 5'end.

Answer 5

tRNA is transfer rna.its main work is to transver the mrna to the site of protein synthesis.In its 3d view it appears as a L- shaped structure.

Answer 6

Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a nucleic acid polymer consisting of nucleotide monomers. RNA nucleotides contain ribose rings and uracil unlike deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), which contains deoxyribose and thymine. It is transcribed from DNA by enzymes called RNA polymerases and further processed by other enzymes. RNA serves as the template for translation of genes into proteins, transferring amino acids to the ribosome to form proteins, and also translating the transcript into proteins.


This link should lead you to anything and everything you want to know about RNA:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNA

Here are some links to pictures of RNA:
http://www.swbic.org/products/clipart/images/rna.jpg
http://hg.wustl.edu/COGENE/INFO/RNA.html#one
http://rna.ucsc.edu/rnacenter/ribosome_images.html

Happy learning!!

Answer 7

Hahahahahaha cracking me up here. Come over to P&S and answer a few. There's a lot of guys who'll give you best answer on your name alone lol. Buy a motocycle and you'll never be on E

Answer 8

its a form of rna. it carries amino acids to ribosomes in protien synthesis. it is J shaped. for details read steps involved in protien synthesis in books(harper-biochemistry)

Answer 9

Go here http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TRNA

Answer 10

It looks alike because it is imilar.