identify 4 principles of universal precautions?

Answer 1

Universal precautions is a series of actions/behaviours we institute in the hospital setting to protect the health care professional from infections, particularly those infections borne by patient's body fluids.

Principles
1) Universal precautions are to be used with all patients as all patients potentially harbour infection. Even if they have tested negative to hepatitis A B C D E F (and we are up to G) and HIV, can they not be a carrier of hep Z?

2) Handwashing - before and after contact with a patient, the health care professional must wash their hands. This limits spread of droplet and other contact spread organisms

3) Barrier methods - health care professionals must use barrier methods to limit spread of contagious organisms, eg. gloves, masks, face shields

4) Avoidance of needle stick injuries - the hospital must have a standard and protocol for the disposal of medical equipment capable of producing a penetrating injury in a healthcare professional ("sharps"). This will include sharps disposal containers (readily accessible and usable) and official recognition in staff roles regarding the disposal of sharps.

Answer 2

PRECAUTIONS
1.) Body fluids associated with blood borne pathogens Precautions-ex. Blood, vaginal secretions, CSF, Synovial fluids etc
2.) Universal Precautions-ex. 1.)Handwashing 2.)wearing mask,3.)protective eyewear, 4.)Glovings & gowning
3.) Standard Precautions-ex. all patients regrdless of diagnosis or presumed infection
4.) Transmission based precautions-ex.Airborne, Droplet and contact

Answer 3

Self-preservation (physically and psychologically). Avoidance (as I kid I decided if we were aware of everything we couldn't handle it, so we don't). Timidity (much bravura, especially in men, is over-compensation, I think). Paranoia (we're driven more by what we fear than by hope). Acquisitiveness (from necessities to greed). Imagination and Curiosity (qualified in most). Inventiveness (again, qualified in most). Rationalization or self justification (possibly the genesis of religion, and moral codes?). Need for a herd, tribe or congregation (for reassurance and support). Altruism (perhaps stemming from imaginative identification with others). I think these cover the basics. Unselfish love for children and others (perhaps more universal amongst women) and most other civilizing principles, I see as later developments amongst men, including ethics and morals. They depend on an awareness of interdependence. But there does also seem to be a universal principle of aesthetics, visible from the earliest cave paintings etc. As it also exists in some bird and animal species, I'd include it too as a universal human principle, though much ignored and debased.