What exactly is physics with calculus I? What do they usually cover? If you know any examples please leave one

Answer 1

Mechanics--a partial list:

Definitions of units. Vectors versus scalars. Vector addition/subtraction. Dot products, cross products.
Newton's three laws.
Statics; applications of trigonometry.
The differential calculus definition of velocity and acceleration. Turning points, tangents to displacement and velocity graphs. I actually learned differential calculus here, rather than in my calc class. As it should be.
The work-energy theorem (requires integration) and the definition of kinetic energy.
Conservation of energy and momentum.
Angular momentum and torque; rotational kinetic energy, moments of inertia (requiring integral calculus).

Answer 2

I just finished a calc based physics course. You deal mostly with speed distance time and forces. For example if you are given an initial speed and position of a planet you can predict the path at witch it will orbit a star or other body. You learn about springs and the force they exert too.

Answer 3

Here's a description from a college course catalog:
Physics I is a first-year physics course which introduces students to classical mechanics. Topics include: space and time; straight-line kinematics; motion in a plane; forces and equilibrium; experimental basis of Newton's laws; particle dynamics; universal gravitation; collisions and conservation laws; work and potential energy; vibrational motion; conservative forces; inertial forces and non-inertial frames; central force motions; rigid bodies and rotational dynamics.

Most colleges have their course descriptions on line, so you could look up as many as you like.