7 Up (or Seven Up) is a brand of a lemon-lime flavored soft drink. The franchise for the brand is held by Dr Pepper/Seven Up in the United States, by Britvic in Great Britain, by C&C in Ireland and by PepsiCo in the rest of the world.
The product has been reformulated several times since its launch in 1929; in 2006, it underwent another reformulation, becoming "100% Natural" with five ingredients: "filtered carbonated water, high fructose corn syrup, natural citric acid, natural flavors, natural potassium citrate".[1]
The origin of the 7 Up name is not clear. The most popular story is that its creator named the soft drink after seeing a cattle brand with the number 7 and the letter u.[2] Other rumors suggest that the name reflects the drink's seven flavors and carbonation, that the bottle contained seven ounces, that its creator came up with the name while playing dice, or that even it was the 7th large commercial lemonade brand that taste the same
Some people mistakenly believe that the name 7 Up comes from the fact that its pH is above 7.0 (neutral), though this is not the case; the pH of 7 Up is comparable to many other soft drinks. At a pH of 3.67,[3] Diet 7 Up is less acidic than lemon juice (pH 2.3), vinegar (pH 2.9) or wine (pH 3.5)[4].7 Up was created by Charles Leiper Grigg who launched his St. Louis-based company The Howdy Corporation in 1920.[2] Grigg came up with the formula for a lemon-lime soft drink in 1929. The product, originally named "Bib-Label Lithiated Lemon-Lime Soda", was launched two weeks before the Wall Street Crash of 1929.[2] The product's name was soon changed to 7 Up.[2]
7 Up, as its first name suggests, originally contained lithium citrate, a mood-stabilizing drug. It was one of a number of patent medicine products popular in the late-19th and early-20th centuries; they made claims similar to today's health foods.
The Great Depression was just the beginning of the business challenges the product would face. In its early years, there were around 600 lemon-lime beverage brands being sold in the US.[2] 7 Up was able to survive and become the market leader in the category by being one of the first to be nationally distributed as well as being marketed as more healthy than other soft drinks.[citation needed]
The success of 7 Up led Grigg to rename his company to The Seven Up Company in 1936.[2]
Lithium citrate was removed from 7 Up's formula in 1950.
After establishing the category as more than a niche, major competitors set their sights on it such as The Coca-Cola Company with its Sprite brand introduced in 1961. Sprite would not challenge 7 Up's position seriously until the 1980s when Coke forced its major bottlers then distributing 7 Up to drop the beverage in deference to Sprite. 7 Up challenged Coke's actions in court as anti-competitive, a challenge they eventually lost.[5]
Philip Morris acquired The Seven Up Company in June 1978.[2] Philip Morris sold the brand's U.S. operations in 1986 to a private investment group, which merged with Dr. Pepper Company and established Dallas, Texas as the headquarters of the combined company.[2]
A can of 7-Up.7 Up became dependent on Pepsi's bottlers for distribution during the 1990s, until PepsiCo launched its own serious entrant in the category with Sierra Mist in 2000. PepsiCo then adopted the previous Coca-Cola tactic and forced its bottlers to give up 7 Up for Sierra Mist, which most did by 2003.[citation needed]
The result is that in the United States, DPSU does not have a network of bottlers and distributors[citation needed], so some of their products are frequently bottled under contract by independent Coca-Cola or Pepsi bottlers, though in some areas independent distributors exist, either by Cadbury-Schweppes, or by individual independent bottling plants. These bottlers often do not distribute their products much beyond major supermarket chains, so 7 Up can be difficult to find in smaller stores and vending machines.
In 1998, in the first formula change since lithium's removal, 7 Up was flavor-enhanced, without changing the sugar content or carbonation level.
In 2006 the product was re-formulated so that it could be marketed as being "100% Natural" in the United States. This was achieved by eliminating the preservative calcium disodium EDTA, and replacing sodium citrate with potassium citrate to reduce the beverage's sodium content.[6] This re-formulation contains no fruit juice and is still sweetened with high fructose corn syrup (HFCS). HFCS is a cheaper, longer shelf-life substitute for cane or beet sugar and the result of a complex industrial process by which starch is extracted from corn and converted by acids or enzymes into glucose and fructose. The manufacturing process needed for HFCS has led some public health and special interest groups to challenge the ad campaign's "natural" claims.[7]
Furthermore, the metabolic processing of high fructose corn syrup differs from the metabolism of glucose in several important ways. Glucose causes fat cells to release the hormone leptin, which acts to supress appetite. Glucose also prevents the stomach from releasing the hormone ghrelin, which is a factor in 'feeling' hungry. Fructose, however, has neither of these metabolic properties, which, when compared with glucose, increases effective consumption of fructose containing products because one does not feel 'satisfied' when consuming a comparable amount of fructose when compared with the glucose. Additionally, since the liver converts fructose to tryglicerides more readily than it does glucose, fructose metabolism raises 'bad' LDL cholesterol, which not only increases fat stores in the body, but also raises heart attack risk. Finally, recent studies show, that in addition to these effects, the release of fructose in the bloodstream increases insulin resistance, which may be a factor in developing diabetes.[8]
2006-08-17 02:55:27
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