relating the structure of chromosomes?

Question

I know the following things
1. nucleotides like ATP ADP AMP............./make DNA
2. DNA make chromosomes.
3.ATP is energy packet.phosphate groups in ATP are broken to get energy.
then how it affects the structure of chrmosomes.
do we break chromosomes to get energy.
it doesent sound then where i am wrong and what is the actual story?

Answer 1

ATP, ADP and AMP don't make DNA. Cytosine, guanine, thymine, and adenine are the nucleotides that make DNA.

ATP is adenosine triphosphate which is "similar" in structure to adenine with some phosphates attached, but has nothing to do with our DNA.

ATP has 3 phosphates that are kind of pushed together like a spring. Therefore they store energy like a spring. When you release one of the phosphates, it releases energy and becomes Adenosine DIphosphate. (down to 2 phosphates) One more released and you have AdenosineMONOphosphate. Hope this all makes sense.

Answer 2

DNA is a very long molecule and is broken into "chunks" called chromosomes. Normally in a cell the chromosomes are long and filamentous and are termed chromatin. In this state they are accessible to the proteins that instigate transcription for both replication and expression.
DNA is composed of nucleotides. These only have one phosphate on them - the other two released on addition to a nacent strand as pyrrophospate. ATP, GTP etc have three phosphates - the final one being especially unstable and it is this that is used as energy in the cell.
DNA is never decomposed for energy. In eukaryotic cells it is imprisoned within a double membraned nucleus which has within it pores that will not allow DNA to exit from the cell. This material is far too valuable to life.

If it entered the cytoplasm, it would be degraded and its components used as an energy supply. Instead, when we break down food, a constant amount of ATP is present in the body, and the energy exchanges that occur in metabolism release a phosphate providing energy, or add a terminal phosphate, consuming energy.
ATP is recycled constantly, otherwise we would need about twice our body weight daily to survive.

Answer 3

ATP, ADP, and AMP are not nucluetides but similar to one of the structures of DNA Adenosine triphosphate. The nucleotides are dATP, dTTP, dGTP, dCTP. You are right that chromosomes are made up of DNA. ATP does in fact release a phosphate to release energy but this is unrelated to DNA and chromosomes.