THe Space Shuttle?

Question

Who is the guy that invented the formula for the appolo to take off and land? Before there would be a space capsule that would orbit back into the earth's atmosphere and fall into the ocean. Where eventually the NAVY would come to pick them up.

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Answer 1

The shuttle was designed by North American Aviation (later renamed Rockwell International).

And, yes, the Mercury, Gemini, and Appollo programs all used non-reusable capsules that would re-enter the atmosphere and land in the ocean. Parachutes slowed the capsules down enough to make a soft landing and air filled bags would inflate to keep the capsules from sinking. (The Soviets always had their capsules land on land.)

The strangest re-entry system was for the Corona photo-reconaissance satellites. They would eject a canister of film, which would re-enter the atmosphere and be slowed by a parachute, and the cannister would be snatched out of mid-air by an airplane dragging a cable between two poles. If they missed, the cannister would sink to the bottom of the ocean (preferable to the possibility of the Soviets getting to the cannister before we did). But then, the pilots almost never missed - that would have been a cool job!

Answer 2

There are several ways to answer this question.

Jules Verne postulated that a capsule could be fired out of cannon located in Florida carrying men to the Moon. He was a science fiction writer.

Constantin Tsiolkovsky, the man who said "Earth is the cradle of mankind, but man cannot live in the cradle forever," developed a theory of a multi-stage rocket that would lift a crew into orbit. The stages of his rocket were fuel tanks (liquid oxygen and liquid hydrogen) that would be dropped when empty to reduce the craft's weight. He really wanted to go to Mars, but thought people wouldn't take that seriously, so he said we should use this spacecraft to go to the Moon. No one took that seriously either.

He also designed steering rockets, airlocks, space stations, and conceived the space elevator, also called a Beanstalk or Jacob's ladder, which is a cable tethered to the Earth and attached to a counterweight at geostationary orbit, and which freighters can climb up and down for a propulsion-less way to reach orbit.

Following the end of World War II, the US and the USSR split up the Nazi scientists responsible for the V-2 rocket program. The lead of the scientists in the US, Dr. Verner von Braun, was the designer of the Saturn V rocket that was the foundation of the Apollo program.

However, the Saturn V didn't work quite the way von Braun intended. Three of it's stages were fuel tanks, as Tsiolkovsky had proposed. The fourth was the Lunar Module, and the fifth was the Command/Service Module. The third stage was dropped off like the first and second stage, and blown up so that harmlessly small pieces would fall to Earth. Von Braun had wanted to drag it to the Moon, land it on the Moon, and bury it in the regolith, the crumbly surface rock. He intended that it should be fitted with airlocks and inhabited. The first people to land on the Moon should live in this Moon Lab until the next crew came up six months later. Each successive crew would bring an additional third stage to link to the first one, and supplies, and from the first time that people landed on the Moon, it would have a permanent human population.

Unfortunately, Moon Lab would take longer than just landing on the Moon and returning. The estimates were that Moon Lab would not be viable until 1972. And Kennedy had promised we would "within this decade...[send] a man to the Moon and returning him safely to the Earth." Some people think that had Kennedy not been assassinated, that he could have (and certainly would have) forgiven the delay. However, he was dead, and we HAD to go within his timetable, so as not to dishonor him.

So Apollo became a tourist program rather than a colonization program.

So while von Braun designed the Saturn V, the plan was more like Tsiolkovsky's.

Answer 3

The Shuttle is placed into orbit by propelling itself from liftoff to 17,500 MPH at which point it no longer needs any thrust to maintain orbit since there is no friction of an atmosphere to slow it down (though actually there is a very tiny bit at the altitude the shuttle orbits) ... the thrust of the engines push against back of the engine as the thrust exits the engine nozzle, and that results in moving the spacecraft in the opposing direction as the thrust. In space, the same effect occurs ... it has nothing to do with the atmosphere. The thrust is more powerful than the total weight of the craft, so it moves in the direction opposite the thrust.

Answer 4

Well the true answer for a singular formula that allowed initial designs of the shuttle is Tsiolkovsky, a Russian mathematician who in 1898 developed the Rocket Equation which allowed a relation between a rocket's propulsion capabilities, velocity, and mass...

Also, thank Wernher von Braun and his German rocket team for the Saturn V rocket which took us to the Moon...

The Shuttle was designed by hundreds if not thousands of engineers at what is now Rockwell...

Also thank Kepler, Galileo, Copernicus, Newton, and many others for Orbital Mecahnics and the mathematics behind it which made it possible for orbital trajectories to be designed...

There are way too many people who contributed to where we are in space exploration right now, but these are just a few of the big names...

There is no one formula that would define the whole missions, hundreds of formulas and thousands of calculation were done to complete the Apollo missions and any other space mission to date...

Answer 5

That's a myth---there were no spaceships that landed in water. Imagine if a spacecraft fell from space, it would fall to the bottom of the ocean, and the navy had better things to do than to pick up spaceships. But the guy who invented the space shuttle was mr. paris hilton, no relation to paris hilton, and he invented it in 1894 in paris.