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Basically, it is when rocks are hot and pressurized enough to change their mineral chemistry or type without melting.

When a rock is under extreme pressure and heat, chemical reactions between minerals can happen, so the mineral rearrange in a way that is more favorable for the conditions. In this way rocks can move and exchange things (over geologic time) without actually melting and recrystalizing.

2006-08-15 06:52:05 · answer #1 · answered by QFL 24-7 6 · 1 2

Metamorphic rock is the result of the transformation of a pre-existing rock type, the protolith, in a process called metamorphism, which means "change in form" (from the Greek prefix meta, "after", and the noun morphe, "form"). The protolith is subjected to heat (greater than 150 degrees Celsius) and extreme pressure causing profound physical and/or chemical change. The protolith may be sedimentary rock, igneous rock or another older metamorphic rock.

Metamorphic rocks make up a large part of the Earth's crust and are classified by texture and by chemical and mineral assembly (metamorphic facies). They are formed deep beneath the Earth's surface by great stresses from rocks above and high pressures and temperatures. They are also formed by the intrusion of molten rock, called magma, into solid rock and form particularly at the place of contact between the magma and solid rock where the temperatures are high.

The study of metamorphic rocks (now exposed at the Earth's surface following erosion and uplift) provides us with valuable information about the temperatures and pressures that occur at great depths within the Earth's crust.

Some examples of metamorphic rocks are slate, gneiss and schist.

2006-08-19 01:48:34 · answer #2 · answered by Anonymous · 0 0

In it simplest terms, yes it is heat and pressure.

Metamorphism is change within the structure of a rock type, changing it into something else. It can involve recrystallization, mineral substitution and replacement, and a host of other changes. It depends on the environment. Some examples are bituminous coal changing to anthracite coal, limestone into marble, shale into slate, and my favorite; graphite into diamonds (you would not believe what is involved in this one). There are also schists which are metamorphosed clays and muds that often contain elongated quartz crystals. And there are also gneisses which are highly metamorphosed rocks that could be either sedimentary or ignious rock originally. Most metamorphic rocks are characterized some sort of deformation. The heat and stress forces needed to metamorphize a rock often elongate and even twist the minerals in the original rock.

Metamorphism can occur on a small scale when a magmatic intrusive moves up through sedimentary rocks. The heat from the magma will cause contact metamorphism along its margins. Regional metamorphism can occur over vast areas from orogenic (mountain building) events where large areas are subjected to tremendous heat and pressure, such as the colliding of massive tectonic plates. It takes a tremendious amount of force and pressure to push mountains up like the Appalachians and the Himalayas Imagine what is happening to the native rock formations near the plate boundaries.

Metamorphism is a very complex science, with many, many variables. It can still be quite confusing even to the most seasoned geologists.

2006-08-15 11:22:07 · answer #3 · answered by Tom-PG 4 · 0 2

Metamorphism or metamorphic process are all the mineral and textural changes (recrystallization) produced in a rock due to changes in the pressure and temperature conditions or the introduction of fluids (hot mineralized water) without melting.
This process excludes low temperature changes (<150 Celsius degrees) like weathering (soil forming processes) or diagenesis (the process of transforming a sediment into a rock).

2006-08-15 07:55:49 · answer #4 · answered by Scientist13905 3 · 0 2

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2016-10-02 03:04:03 · answer #5 · answered by ? 4 · 0 0

Its all heat, pressure, and time.

Stuff gets layered on other stuff. Over many, many years that stuff compacts into rock and stone.

2006-08-15 06:58:42 · answer #6 · answered by Ron B. 7 · 0 2

In a word - compression.

2006-08-15 07:04:28 · answer #7 · answered by Anonymous · 0 3

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