when nitro benzene is treated with concsulphuric acid & nitric acid we get meta-dinitrobenzene but for toluene

Question

Organic Chemistry

Answer 1

this is standard aromatic chemistry.

the nitro group on nitrobenezene is strongly electron-withdrawing and if you were to draw out the resonance structures of the intermediate cation in this reaction you would see that it is only stabilised when the cation is in the meta position. In general electron-withdrawing groups are meta-directing. In the ortho position you need two atoms adjacent to each other to maintain a positive charge, which is very unstable and would not be preferred over the meta position.

Toluene (or methyl benzene) has a methyl group which is weakly electron donating, by mesomeric effects. This ability helps stabilise the intermediate cations in the ortho and para positions. In general electron-donating groups are ortho / para directing. Depending upon the size / strength of these groups you may be able to direct one over the other.

A mixture of electron-dontaing and electron-withdrawing groups on an aromatic ring helps further direct the substitution of an aromatic species.

The same arguements also hold for some heteroaromatic systems also.

Answer 2

I doubt it. it would rely on the capability,temperature an intensity of the tank. opposite to universal perception,acid does not act like it does in horror video clips.it rather is plenty slower at dissolving flesh. as quickly as I worked interior the tooth industry,i've got been burnt via warm hydrochloric acid at 70% capability & sulphuric acid at 60% capability.Even now 28 years later,the place i became splashed can nevertheless flare up an reason inflammation.

Answer 3

Don't add concentrated sulphuric and nitric acid to toluene. The reaction produces trinitrotoluene - better known as TNT. You'll kill us all!