Ionization energy question?

Question

definition of Ionization energy is;
"The ionization energy is the minimum energy required to remove an electron from the ground state of the isolated gaseous atom"
My question is,in definition of ionization energy why " isolated gaseous atom" is used?

Answer 1

In reality, an atom is held together by many forces. For example, crystalline substances have a regular crystalline lattice binding the molecules together, while metallic substances have special metallic lattice between the metal molecules.

So, if you want to remove electrons from these molecules, first you have to break these bonds, and breaking these bonds requires a certain energy called lattice energy (L.E). Only after isolating these molecules can you measure the ionization energy (I.E). On the other hand, keep in mind that gaseous atoms are free and not in close proximity with each other. So, they do not have lattices to break, and in turn that means that you have only I.E to contend with. Hence, the definition uses the phrase "isolated gaseous atom" to signify an ideal molecule who has already been freed from a lattice.

Answer 2

They mean a a neutral atom in the gas phase. An " isolated gaseous atom" basically means an atom that is all by itself, not hooked up to others in a solid or a liquid.

Answer 3

matahari is right.

This is in large part b/c for molecules and elemental solids (whether you call that a molecule or not is up to you) it is easier to remove a single electron. So you must be clear that it's not just removing an electron from an element.

I am a bit surprised at that definition though, b/c it's common vernacular to refer to the IE of gaseous molecules as well (homonuclear and heteronuclear).

Answer 4

you're partly superb - the reason has to do with the version in length of the climate which of direction is contemplated of their order on the periodic table. i've got self assurance the forces that carry the electrons are proportionate to a million/r^2. So for each doubling of the radius you get a 4 fold shrink interior the ionization capability. So the foremost component is the dimensions of the component.