What is the 'One gene - one polypeptide hypothesis?

Question

And how is it of importance of modern genetics?

Please help!!! thanks x

Answer 1

scientists have searched for the molecules that contain the blueprint for each organism since Gregor Mendel experimented on peas and realised that there were "factors" that produced the characteristics of the plant.
Initially they thought that any molecule that could carry that type and amount of information would need to be a large and complex molecule. Proteins are large, complex molecules composed of linked chains of small units called amino acids, and scientists assumed it would be these that carried the genetic code.
Key experiments later revealed that DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) found in the cell's nucleus was in fact the molecule that encoded all the components and characteristics of an organism.

DNA is a very long molecule composed of four different types of nucleotide subunits. They can be likened to a four letter alphabet that will form 64 words. Each word corresponds to a particular amino acid. The order that the nucleotide triplets (that form the words that correspond to an amino) will affect the order of the amino acids that make up a particular protein. Proteins are formed from 100s to 1000s of amino acids. The amino acids are joined together by a peptide bond hence the name poly (many) peptide (bonds joining the many aminos) Muscles are composed of actin and myosin - these proteins are composed of the same amino acids, but in a different order which gives them their different properties. This order is coded by the unique arrangement of nucleotides of the DNA.
There is about 1meter of DNA per cell in the human body.

The DNA is arranged into long segments, each of which will code for the production of a particular protein. These segments are known as genes. Therefore u have the gene that codes for haemoglobin, a gene for myosin, a gene for insulin, a gene for hexokinase.

The central dogma of modern biology is that DNA codes for RNA which is a template for the production of a polypeptide.

Answer 2

It's more a definition than a hypothesis. It defines a "gene" as the recipe for a specific polypeptide.

DNA works like this:
First, an operon is activated and gives rise to several RNA strings.
Second, each RNA string is "spliced", i.e. parts of it that are not to be used in this particular situation are removed. For example, some parts of the RNA may be needed in an early embryo while other parts may be needed in adults.
Third, some RNA strings are translated into polypeptides while others serve other purposes, such as RNA interference.

Now where's the gene? You can define a gene as the part of the operon that are kept after a specific splicing and subsequently translated into a specific kind of polypeptide. That's "one gene - one polypeptide". But you could also define the term "gene" as the operon, or as the part of the operon that gives rise to a specific pre-splicing RNA string.

Answer 3

the one gene one polypeptide hypothesis states that one gene produces or contains a coding sequence for a single polypeptide chain. the one gene one polypeptide hypothesis is important to modern genetics as it helps in the indepth understanding of how proteins are produced and how we could control master regulators for industrial biotechnological activities and other scientific understanding of how information is stored in those sequences of nucleotides.

Answer 4

long story. you got all night??

Answer 5

Hmmmmmm! ............... think I'll Google that one!!